APoyambirira, munali ku Black Africa, azimayi omwe anali ndi khungu lofiirira mtundu wa khofi wokazinga, azimayi mtundu wa nthochi zagolide, azimayi mtundu wa minda ya mpunga. Lero, tikamayenda m'mizinda yambiri yaku Africa, tazindikira kuti azimayi akuda ali paulendo. Ambiri mwa alongo athu amachita zachinyengo pakhungu lawo lomwe limatchedwa "tchatcho" ku Mali; "Bojou" ku Benin, "xeesal" ku Senegal ndi "kobwakana" kapena "kopakola" m'ma Congos awiriwo.
Chifukwa chake sizosadabwitsa kukumana ndi azimayi omwe ali ndi mitundu iwiri kapena itatu ya khungu. Omwe mwatsoka amatha ndi nkhope yachiwiri yopsereza, mawanga ndi mitu yakuda mthupi, kutambasula mabere, chifuwa ndi ntchafu ...
Zomwe zimakhudza zochitika zoterezi, miyambo yambiri ya chikhalidwe, chikhalidwe ndi zachuma ndizo zowonongeka zomwe zimachepetsa chizoloŵezi chogonjetsa.
Kukula kwa chikhalidwe chatsopanochi kwatipangitsa kuti tikhale ndi chidwi ndi nkhaniyi.
Chodabwitsa chobadwa m'zaka 60
Zodabwitsazi za khungu zidawonekera ku Africa kumapeto kwa ma 60. Kuwunikira khungu ndi njira zosiyanasiyana kumachitika m'malo angapo ku Africa, koma mayiko omwe akhudzidwa ndi izi ndi Togo, Senegal , Mali, Congo (komwe amuna ambiri amapeputsanso khungu lawo) ndi South Africa.
Zikuwoneka kuti pafupifupi azimayi 90% omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zowunikira amachita izi pazokongoletsa. Anthu angapo amapempha kuti ngati amayi awalitsa khungu lawo ndichifukwa chake azimayi amakhulupirira kuti amuna amakonda akazi opepuka, monga momwe tinkamvera kuti amuna amakonda blondes.
Zimakupangitsani kudzifunsa ngati mchitidwewu uli wathanzi ...
Kodi chifukwa chotsatira chisawawa chonchi?
Kwa Ferdinand Ezembe, katswiri wa zamaganizidwe ku Paris wodziwa zamaganizidwe a madera aku Africa: White, yoyimiriridwa ndi mawonekedwe ake, mosazindikira adakhalabe mtundu wapamwamba. Palibe zodabwitsa pamikhalidwe iyi kuti mawonekedwe owoneka bwino amalembetsa ngati chofunikira chamtengo wapatali m'magulu ambiri aku Africa. Kuphatikiza apo, ndi mayiko omwe ali ndi atsamunda ankhanza kwambiri omwe amawonetsa kukopa khungu lokongola. Mu ma Kongo awiri apano, ngakhale amuna amafika pamenepo ndikugwira ntchito, monga anzawo, kukonza mawonekedwe awo. Tiyeneranso kuwonjezera pa izi, chikoka chachikulu chachikhristu mu Africa. Zoyimira zoyera zokha za zilembo zazikulu za m'Baibulo zidakhudzanso anthu akuda atakomoka. Lingaliro ili limalimbikitsidwa ndi fanizo la mitundu m'chilengedwe chonse chachikhristu, kutengera zotsutsana pakati pa kuwala ndi mdima, mdima ndi kumwamba, komwe wakuda nthawi zonse amatsutsana ndi kuyera kwa zoyera. Chodabwitsachi ndi chozama kwambiri kotero chimapitilira kuposa kungotulutsa khungu. Tikuwona azimayi ambiri aku Africa omwe amawongola tsitsi lawo, omwe amavala mawigi kuti akhale ndi tsitsi lowongoka ngati azungu. Zovuta zilipo. Ndizosavuta kunena kuti munthu wakuda yemwe amadaya tsitsi lake amangogwira mafashoni. Kodi pali chiyani kuti anthu aku Africa satenga malingaliro omwe nthawi zambiri samazindikira. Magulu onse akuda ali mgoli la zoyera. Anthu aku Africa sanadzimasule ku kulemera kwachikoloni komwe kumadzilemera kwambiri pawekha ".
Nchifukwa chiyani chisankho ichi?
Chisankho chofuna kutengera malingaliro azimayi aku Africa sichisankho chaulere. Chifukwa akazi awa ali ndi chisonkhezero champhamvu. Ngati si abwenzi, ndiye wokwatirana yemwe amawakakamiza kuti agule chubu choyamba. Kafukufuku wochitidwa ndi Institute of Social Hygiene (IHS) ku Medina ku Senegal akuti azimayi omwe amachita zachinyengo amalimbikitsidwa pamilandu 74% ndi anzawo omwe "anali ndi malingaliro abwino" panthawi yomwe 30% ya okwatirana samalephera kuyima pagulu la anthu omwe amalimbikira kuti azichita "zachilendo".
Ponena za zolimbikitsazi, Purezidenti wa International Association for Information on Depigmentation (Aiida), Dr Fatimata Ly akutsindika kuti "zomwe zimalimbikitsa azimayi ndizokongoletsa ndi 89% ya milandu".
Ananenanso kuti "azimayi ena (omwe amaimira 11% ya milandu) adagwiritsa ntchito njirayi pochiza". Azimayi 41% nthawi zambiri amatsogoleredwa ndi "kutsatira mafashoni komanso (kutengera) maubwenzi".
Chiwonetsero chofanana ndi ubatizo kapena chikwati "nthawi zambiri chimayambitsa (mu) 18% milandu".
Dr Ly akudziwitsanso kuti "azimayi ena amawonekeranso kuti amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa pochiza ma dermatoses monga ziphuphu".
Komabe, purezidenti wa AIIDA akuchenjeza kuti "mikangano yomwe nthawi zambiri imanenedwa ngati kukweza zinthu sizingaganiziridwe ngati zomveka" za "xessal". Amayi omwe adafunsidwa adati adachita nawo zounikira "Léral" osati kutulutsa magazi, "xessal". Katswiri wa zamankhwala Assane Kane akuwona kuwonongeka kwa azimayi pamwambo wamabanja, ndikupereka chitsanzo cha maubatizo omwe "azimayi achilungamo amakhala limodzi ndikuyika akazi akuda pambali".
Udindo wa amuna
Ku Benin (makamaka ku Cotonou), ndi amuna omwe amalankhula mwamtendere kapena molimbikitsa "bojou". Ena amalipiranso chifukwa amafuna akazi omveka bwino. Umu ndi momwe zimakhalira ndi mwamuna yemwe adayamba kuthawa. Mkazi yemwe amayesa kupeza chomwe chimakopa mwamuna wake kunja ngakhale amusamalira, adapezeka kuti akukumana ndi yankho ili: "Pita bojou" wekha, ngati ukufuna. Ndikukhala kunyumba ".
Ndi chowonera. Udindo wa amuna pakuwona mchitidwewu ndiwodziwikiratu. Kukongola kowopsa kumene kumayamikiridwa kwambiri ndi amuna ndiye raison d'être.
Izi zili choncho, amuna ali ndi udindo waukulu kuthetseratu zoyipa pokonzanso kapena kusintha tanthauzo la kukongola kwawo.
Koma kodi amafunitsitsadi?
Kodi akazi adzalandira kuti wakuda ndi mtundu wa moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku?
Kutengera mitundu, makulidwe a epidermis, kapangidwe ka dermis ndi ma vascularization ake, kagawidwe ka pigmentation, kulemera kwake ndi mtundu wa zowonjezera (thukuta, sebaceous ndi integuments), kuchuluka kwa tsitsi ndi muyeso Zochitika zachilengedwe zimasiyana mosiyanasiyana. Chifukwa chake kufunikira kwa magawo azikhalidwe, zachilengedwe ndi khungu pakhungu la munthu aliyense.
Ngati khungu laumunthu liri ndi mikhalidwe yodziwika konsekonse, funso likubwera kuti ndichifukwa chiyani masiku ano anthu akufuna kulisintha pachiwopsezo chokwiyitsa chilengedwe chofunikira kwambiri?
Njira
Malinga ndi Madame Banga, Esthetician Cosmetician ku malo ophunzitsira a Elysée Marbeuf Esthetics ku Yaoundé, Cameroon, njira zingapo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwunikira khungu: kuyambira DIY mpaka njira zoyengedwa kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri, azimayi ndi amuna ochulukirachulukira, amabwerera kuzinthu zotsika mtengo potengera ndalama zochepa zaomwe akukhalamo.
Zogulitsazi, zomwe sizikhala ndi zofanana komanso zomwe zimatsatiridwa ndimomwe zimayambira, zimakhala ndi gawo lofunikira pazachuma.
Ogwiritsira ntchito amalandira mankhwala awa m'misika komwe amatha kuyenda popanda ulamuliro uliwonse ndipo amaperekedwa ndi ogulitsa malonda popanda ntchito iliyonse.
Zodzikongoletsera omwe ali corticosteroids (wotsutsa-yotupa), hydroquinone (antiseptic) anapatutsa ku madera boma mankhwala, mphenzi creams yomwe Intaneti zosiyanasiyana yomweyi, kawirikawiri mwachindunji zikuchokera ndi kukonzekera amamwa anapanga pa malo ndi zosakaniza kupanga zosakaniza zingapo ( bleach, mercury salt, etc.).
Ogwiritsa ntchito nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala angapo ndikusintha nthawi.
M'malo mwake, izi ndi zinthu zopangidwa zokayikitsa. Nthawi zambiri amachokera ku Southeast Asia, Nigeria, South Africa ndi Europe. Kupanga kwawo mankhwala, malinga ndi okongola, sikugwirizana ndi miyezo.
Hydroquinone - chinthu chomwe chimakongoletsa khungu - chimakhala pamwambapa 2%.
Quinacore, mankhwala omwe cholinga chake ndi kuchiza rheumatism amagwiritsidwanso ntchito. Mbali yapadera ya mankhwalawa ndi zotsatira zoyipa zomwe zimapangidwa. Imayeretsa khungu la wodwalayo. Amayi amabalanso jakisoni wa quinacore, kuti apeze khungu loyera.
Komabe, akatswiri amakhulupirira, machitidwe onsewa ndiowopsa pazaumoyo. Jekeseni wa quinacore umayeretsa khungu, koma kuchokera kuzipatala, umafooketsa chitetezo chamthupi, mpaka kuwapangitsa kukhala pachiwopsezo chazovuta zakunja. Ngakhale abwino kwambiri.
Kugwiritsa ntchito corticosteroids pafupipafupi kumalimbikitsa mycosis (matenda akhungu omwe amabwera chifukwa cha bowa). "Popita nthawi, khungu limayamba kutengeka, limapereka fungo la nsomba zatsopano".
Choipa kwambiri chimatipatsa ife beautician, chiwonongeko cha melanin, chitetezo chachibadwa ichi ku X-ray ya dzuwa chingakhoze kupha. Potero, kutayika kwa vitamini D, khungu limakhala loopsya ku zowawa zonse za dzuwa.
Izi, malinga ndi Akazi Banga, amatsegula chitseko cha khansa ya khungu, komanso ngakhale leukemias (khansa ya magazi).
Machiritso a zilonda amakhala ovuta, omwe angathe kupha pambuyo pa opaleshoni.
Kutumizidwa kwa nyenyezi za ku Congo
Pakubwera kwa gulu la SAPE (Société Anonyme des People Elégantes), kutulutsidwa kwa nyenyezi zaku Congo kwayambanso kukhala kwamphamvu. Koma kwakanthawi kwakanthawi, ndikuzindikira zotsatirapo zoyipa zomwe kubadwa uku kumabweretsa; kukongola uku, komwe titha kuyenerera kukhala chowonjezera, akukanidwa kwambiri ndi achinyamata masiku ano.
Kutsika kovuta?
Aliyense wamtundu wakuda yemwe amasokoneza khungu lake ndiwovuta kwambiri, yemwe amachita manyazi kwathunthu kubadwa wakuda ngakhale palibe aliyense padziko lapansi amene amasankha malo obadwira, makolo awo obadwa nawo, khungu lawo makamaka amuna kapena akazi. Ino ndi nthawi yoti anthu aku Africa makamaka alongo athu aku Africa achiritse ndikunyadira khungu lawo kuti atchule chikhalidwe chawo.
Chilichonse chakhala nkhani yotsanzira popanda kudandaula ndi kusankha koyambirira.
Tiyenera kuphunzira kujambula kuchokera kwa ena zomwe zimawoneka ngati zothandiza pakukula kwathu.
Ngati sichoncho, tikupita kukadziwononga tokha mtundu wakuda. Kuvuta kwakudziwika ndi kutayika kwamakhalidwe. Lero, waku Africa alibe malo omwe angatanthauzire. Zochita zathu zonse ndi malingaliro athu aped, amatsanzira Kumadzulo ndi America.
Zikuwonekeratu kuti chidwi chokhala wakuda padziko lapansi chamunthu chilipo, zili kwa aliyense kuti apange kafukufuku payekha kuti adziwe kuti ndi ndani, kutanthauza kuti adziwe chifukwa chake wakuda.
Kunena zowona, kusaluka kwa khungu, ngakhale kupitilira apo kapena ayi, ndichikhalidwe chenicheni chomwe chimayenera kumenyedwa ndi mphamvu zambiri kudzera m'maphunziro ndi chipembedzo.
Komabe, zili kwa makolo, aphunzitsi ndi amuna a Mulungu kuti aphunzitse anthu akuda achichepere kuti azidzikonda monga momwe aliri, kuti apewe vuto lopanda ulemu. Mulimonsemo, simuyenera kudzilola kuti muzitsogoleredwa ndi zovuta kapena kudziona kuti mulibe chifukwa choti mulipo. Ndizosayenera kuyanjanitsa lingaliro lonyansa kapena kukongola mwanjira iliyonse ndi lakuda kapena loyera.
