En I-Afrika Emaphakathi, endaweni esenkabazwe esezintabeni, ihlathi elikhulu eliyinhloko liye lagenwa kancane kancane abalimi. Imibuso eye yaphumelela ukuzibusa phakathi namakhulu eminyaka isekelwe ekubeni nezinkomo.
Izimo zezulu sekuyisikhathi eside ziyisithiyo ekuguqukeni kwemiphakathi. Kodwa amasu metallurgical, eyaziwa futhi esetshenziswa kusukela 2000 BC. kule ngxenye yezwekazi, yavumela abalimi abahambahambayo ukuba basuse izihlahla ehlathini elikhulu eliyisisekelo okwakuze kube yileso sikhathi elalihlalwe kuphela amaqembu abazingeli abaqoqayo abaThwa bayinzalo yalo.