Lisikhumbuzo sika-ACTe, esivulwa ngoJulayi 7, 2015 ngemuva kokuvulwa nguFrançois Hollande ngoMeyi 10, ukhombisa isifiso sokunikeza indawo enikezelwe enkumbulweni yobugqila nasekuhwebeni ngezigqila, okokuqala lapho umbuso uhlinzeka ngezimali. Ukuze yanelise inhloso yayo yokuba enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni, isakhiwo esihle sibabaza umsebenzi waso, ochazwa njengezimpande zesiliva zebhokisi elimnyama. Isithangami sami samanje sivula leli bhokisi elimnyama, ngeshwa elisazisa ngokuqukethwe kwama-Afrocidal enkonzweni yokugubha inkumbulo esekwe kumalungelo athile, abelungu. Lesi sikhumbuzo, esakhiwe ku-archetype womuntu omnyama ononya onesikweletu sakhe esingenakonakala empucukweni yabamhlophe nabamaKristu yileso sokuhlengwa kwakhe, sivela kakhulu njengesakhiwo esesabekayo senkumbulo ehlangene kunendawo okucatshangwa ukuthi kufanele ihlangane kuyo ukugwema ukukhohlwa. Emcabangweni wesikhathi esedlule owenziwe inkohliso yimidwebo eminingi yesimanje, ukubanjwa kwabamnyama ngabamhlophe kuyaqhubeka, kwangena ngobuqili ekukhohliseni izimfanelo eziphakeme nezinomusa zamuva.
Iphuzu lokuphumula ngakho ngalokhu supremacism mhlophe, kubantu abamnyama nabamhlophe ababhekene nokukhululwa ekuhlukanisweni okuthinteka kubo namuhla, ngamunye ezingeni lakhe, abanye benomthwalo wesisulu, abanye benalowo owoniwe. Kule nkumbulo eyakhelwe kumodi engaqondakali yokubusa komphakathi, lesi sikhumbuzo ngokuphelele leso sokwenziwa komthetho wobukoloniyali.
Ekukhiqizweni komphakathi kwebhokisi lesiliva elinezimpande ezimhlophe, ngenxa yamaketanga engqondo e-ACTe Memorial ngeke aphule.
esihlokweni
Kwakudingeka iminyaka eyishumi nane kulandela ukuqashelwa kweTransatlantic Black Trafficking njengecala elibhekiswe esintwini ngoMeyi 2001, lesikhumbuzo esasihloselwe lo mlando kanye nezisulu zawo ukuba zizalwe. Masisho ngokuthe ngqo ukuthi lokhu bekuyinjongo elindelekile yeSikhumbuzo se-ACTe. Esikhathini esidlule saleyo minyaka, okungenani kwakusadingeka okungenani iminyaka eyishumi nanhlanu ngaphambi kokuba kuvotelwe ukuqashelwa kwaleli cala lesintu, impi yaqhutshelwa phezulu futhi icacile ngezwi nguNkk Christiane Taubira-Keeper weZimpawu. amakomidi ambalwa okusekela lapha nalaphaya ezifundeni zaseFrance, ubunzima bawo ekwenzeni isizathu sobugebengu buzwakale kwakungukubonakaliswa kobuhlungu bawo eMkhandlwini Kazwelonke.
Isikhathi esiningi! Umbuzo uyasabisa, usiholela ngqo ekubhekeni inqubo ephindaphindwayo ye-homeostasis yenhlalo ethinta kakhulu ukuqashelwa Kokunye, ngoba lo Omunye akayona eyisiFulentshi somdabu, futhi ikakhulukazi ozalweni lwe-Afro.
Lo Meyi 10, 2015 wokuvula ukwakhiwa kweSikhumbuzo ACTe wabalwa, ukwamukela umhlangano omuhle, lowo wethu ngenkumbulo. Usuku olusha lwaqhamuka ngaphandle kwakhe, ukumaka hhayi ngetshe elimhlophe kepha ekugcineni ngetshe elimnyama. ISikhumbuzo ACTe sidonse umkhathi omusha emphakathini obusalokhu usasebenza kahle futhi ungalungile ebusweni bokukhululeka kwemimoya egcinwe ikholoni ngobukhulu babamhlophe nabobuKristu, njengalapho lezi zimilo zazikhonjiswa njalo ngokwesatshiswa kobukhomanisi. Kithina esenziwe amakholoni, isithembiso sokuhlangana sasizokwenzeka neSikhumbuzo ACTe ukuhlangana kwenkumbulo ebumbene eqoshwe emlandweni owaziwa ngokuthi uyini, ononya, ngokungangabazeki obuzokwandisa umhlangano wase-US, umboze umlingo wamakhulu amahlanu eminyaka wokumelana namandla onke wekoloni.
WE: izingqondo ezenziwa amakholomu, abamnyama nabamhlophe obakhathalelayo, lapho lokhu kukhishwa kwamakholomu kuqondwa njengokuchithwa kwesisindo samathonya omhlophe, ahluke kakhulu kulowo nalowo ngokusho komlando ngokuqinisekile, kepha bonke abathintekayo, kusukela emthwalweni wesisulu abanye, umthwalo wesisulu kwabanye. SASIZOHLANGANISANA ekuxosheni ukuhlupheka.
Kulokhu kukhokhiswa okungokomzwelo kwe-D-Day ekugcineni lapho, enye yalezo ongasoze wazikhohlwa njengazo zonke lezo ezinye izinsuku ezakha umndeni, ukuwa kwakubuhlungu kakhulu ukuthola iSikhumbuzo se-ACTe esisibuyisela kulezi zinsalela ezintsha zomphakathi wethu waseFrance , Njengelasha eliningi kangaka elithunyelwe eceleni kwebhande lalo le-neo-colonial. Njengoba kutholakala, igxathu ngalinye eliya phambili lisishukumisela izinyathelo ezintathu emuva.
Ukusukuma kangcono esihlokweni sethu, ake sime kancane. Ukuze lokhu kuqondwe, isethulo esifushane se-Memorial ACTe siyadingeka ngaphambi kokuqhubeka. Iqala kabusha ukuvakasha kokuqala kukaMeyi 10, 2015, okwenziwe nguThierry L'Étang, isazi semvelo nomenenja yephrojekthi ye-Memorial ACTe, eyayihlelwe yaba iziteshi eziyisikhombisa, ngokusho kombiko weqabane elakwazi ukuya (1).
Isethulo se-ACTe Memorial
1. Isikhala sokuqala sakha umfanekiso wentombi emnyama, evezwe njengowokuqala omnyama wama-Antilles!
2. I 2ème udalula amadoda amane ngokuthi kokwehla wokuqala omnyama eMelika, nabantwana bami ababili bokuqala likaJohane black isiPutukezi (1492) noJohane Garrido black umnqobi (1508) ethulwa njengabantu abakhululekile, kodwa njengoba banqobi bamazwe ukuhweba ngezigqila.
3. Okwesithathu kuveza umdwebo okhombisa ukuthi isimo sobugqila besenziwe yonke indawo futhi ngaso sonke isikhathi emhlabeni nakuyo yonke impucuko emlandweni wesintu.
4. I-4ème isabalalisa izinto amakhosi ase-Afrika, ayedayisa abathunjiweyo base-Afrika ngamatshe, athola abaseYurophu. (izibhamu, nezinkezo, amakholomu, imimese, amabhodlela otshwala, isikhafu, amabhodwe, njll.). Imidwebo yamadoda, abesifazane nezingane emelela abathumbi bahlanganyela kulesi sikhala.
5. Isitobhi sesi-5 siphambi "kwesihlahla sokukhohlwa", njengaleso esise-Ouiddah eBenin, isihlahla okwakumele indoda ngayinye ijike ngaso izikhathi eziyi-9, owesifazane ngamunye amahlandla ayi-7 ukuze akhohlwe. imvelaphi yabo nokwedlule kwabo.
6. Umbukiso uqhubeka ngokwethulwa kwengxenye yomkhumbi wezigqila elayishwe umthwalo wayo wezigqila zase-Afrika, bese kuba nezinto ezahlukahlukene zokucindezelwa nokuhlukunyezwa ezisetshenziselwa izigqila emasimini.
7. Isikhala sesi-7 sakha kabusha i-altare leFreemason nokugcwala kwalo kwezimpawu zeMasonic: ifulethi elimnyama nelimhlophe elihlohliwe, amakholomu amakhulu ama-2, iso kuphiramidi, isihlalo sobukhosi seMasonic, isikwele nesando, njll. . Kunamathiselwe uqweqwe, umugqa wokuqala ofundeka kanje: "Abasebenza ngokukhululeka badlala indima ebalulekile ekuqedeni ubugqila".
8. Isikhala sesi-8 siphethwe yisithombe esikhulu sikaKristu endaweni ebethelwe ngaphandle kwesiphambano esibonakalayo, ukuze kuthiwe, ukukhombisa ukuthi iSonto LamaKatolika laliyindlela yokuhlengwa "kwabakhonza izithombe" base-Amerindian nabase-Afrika.
Lawa ma-altare e-Freemason no-Christ okugcina ajabulela ukukhanya okukhanyayo okuguqukela ekuphambaneni okungaphezulu kokunye!
Ngakho-ke ukufingqa:
- ISonto LamaKatolika livula futhi livala umzila wombukiso, livale umzila wokuhlengwa kwabamnyama!
Ubuciko buze buze buveze nentombi emnyama njengowesifazane wokuqala wama-Antilles. Kwanele ukusho ukuthi uphawu lowesifazane lubhekisa ezweni elingumama okwamanje elinobuKhatholika nobuntombi ... iyiphi indlela engcono yokubhekisa ebungcweleni nasebuhleni bezwe elinamandla laseFrance. Futhi ubuciko abukhohlwanga ukuyifaka imibala ukuze kunqandwe kangcono izizukulwane zase-Afro ngokuhlonipha le nkumbulo!
- Abamnyama bokuqala ukufika e-West Indies bakhululekile, kodwa futhi banqobile, nakwabanye abaqageli bemakethe yezigqila! Kule galari yezithombe ezinomsebenzi omele, izigqila ezimnyama zabamhlophe azinakwa. Abansundu bafaniswa ngokushesha nabantu abakhululekile kanye nabahlomulayo ebugqilini. Uma abamnyama abambalwa abanabaphethe noma behweba ngezigqila, ukutholakala okukhulu kwalesi senzakalo akuchazwa noma kuvezwe ngokuhlukahluka kwaso phakathi kwamakhulu amane eminyaka yobugqila. Ngakho-ke kwasekuqaleni, akukho lutho olulethwa kusukela ebugqilini babamnyama okwakhiwa ngabamhlophe njengohlelo, kusuka ekuhwebeni kwabo ngokuthengisa, nakulesi simiso esathathwa njengenkosana yezwe elisha kusukela ngo-1685 (nangaphezulu we-1845 naphezu kokumenyezelwa kokuqedwa). Futhi-ke ukucwengisisa kangcono lokhu kumelwa komphakathi, kuthiwani ngezibalo ezinkulu zezigqila zaseYurophu!
- Ukuhweba ngezigqila "kuminza" kuzo zonke ezinye izigqila esikhaleni sesikhathi-somhlaba; ukubaluleka kwayo kanye nokucaciswa kwayo akunakwa isithombe sazo zonke ezinye izinhlobo zobugqila, kepha futhi futhi ngaphezu kwakho konke kuzo zonke izikhala zeSikhumbuzo. Umbukiso ufuna ukuqondanisa ukuhweba ngezigqila nobunye ubugqila. Lokhu kungukuphambana, okubhekene nokwengezwa kokuncishwa kanye namacala okwenziwa ukuhweba ngezigqila ngaphesheya kwe-Atlantic, okwehluke ngokuyisisekelo kulezo zokuhweba ngezigqila ezingaphansi kweSahara lapho kuhlala kuhlotshaniswa nokufaniswa, yizo zonke izingqondo ezifuna ukukunciphisa ngaphandle komlando wesintu:
I-1 / Icala lombuso, elisekelwa yikhodi esemthethweni yokulenza lisemthethweni "iBlack Code", elenziwa ngokuhlanganiswa kweziphathimandla zenkolo, iSonto LamaKatolika neleRoma, futhi ngaleyo ndlela liwela ngaphansi kwezikhungo eziphindwe kabili; okuphikisana ngokweqile nobugebengu benkolo yezenkolo (ngaphandle komyalo weSigungu Esiphezulu) njengokuhweba ngezigqila eSub-Saharan.
2 / Ukwehliswa isithunzi okwedlulele kwamadoda amnyama kuze kufike ezingeni lokukhishwa kwawo kwabaphilayo, futhi lokhu kwenziwa ngegama lombala wabo; okuyinto engatholakali ngokuyisisekelo ekuhwebeni ngezigqila eSub-Sahara okwenziwa egameni lokungathembeki kwezenkolo, hhayi egameni lempahla yezinto eziphilayo.
Ama-3 / ama-Amerindian kanye nama-African genocides
Ama-4 / amakhulu amane emisebenzi yokusebenza okwenziwe ngokomthetho
5 / ilungiselelo lokudingiswa nokuvinjelwa kwalo ezingeni le-tri-Continental
I-6 / ukuhlanganiswa kwezinhlangano zenceku.
- Isihlahla sokukhohlwa kuphela, ukudwetshwa kwenkomishi yesikebhe, ezinye izinsimbi zokuhlukumeza, nesithombe esibaziwe esimele iqembu labantu base-Afrika esiqinisekisa amakhulu amane eminyaka:
. ukuqothulwa kobuhlanga
. ukuhleleka kanye namabhizinisi ezimoto zangaphakathi nezengeziwe zabamnyama base-Afrika
. ukuxoshwa kwabase-Afrika, amazwe aseNtshonalanga ye-Afrika, ugu lwaseMpumalanga ye-Afrika, iMadagascar
. ukwenziwa kwezinkampani zokutshala phesheya kwezilwandle, okusho ukuthi kude nase "metropolises" zaseNtshonalanga ukuze zingagwinywa ubugqila; ukusebenza kwalezi zinkampani zokutshala ezilawulwa ngesisekelo seCode Noir, eziqhingini ezi-2 zaseCaribbean (eGuadeloupe naseMartinique), izwe eli-1 laseNingizimu Melika (iGuyana), nesiqhingi esi-1 e-Indian Ocean (eRéunion), kulokho okusele kuze kube namuhla kweminyango yaphesheya kwezilwandle yazo zonke izindawo zaseMelika, iCaribbean neziqhingi zaseMascarene lapho kwakwenziwa khona ubugqila.
. imikhuba yangaphakathi nendawo kanye nemikhuba ebambe iqhaza ekusetshenzisweni kobugqila kanye nentuthuko yabo
. iziqinisekiso zefilosofi nezepolitiki zayo yonke le mikhuba yezigqila eFrance enezinhlangothi eziyisithupha, lapho ubugqila buvinjelwe amaFrance futhi buhlukaniswa njengokwehlisa isithunzi kubenzi bawo; Lezi ziqinisekiso zemikhuba yobugqila ezinkampanini zamapulazi, ezidlule kukho konke ukubusiswa kweziphathimandla ubulwane balabo asebeqoshwe kwi-Black Code.
- Izinto zokuhwebelana zibonisa ukuthengiswa kwabantu base-Afrika ngabaphathi babo, hhayi ukuthengwa kwalaba bantu ngabantu baseYurophu kulezi zikhulu eziphezulu! Vele, ukukhombisa ukuthengiswa kwama-Afrika ngamakhosi abo kukhulula abaseYurophu enhlanganweni nasekusebenziseni ukuhweba ngezigqila ngokugcizelela ukubamba iqhaza kwama-Afrika. Ukugqamisa ukuthengwa kwabase-Afrika ngabantu baseYurophu bekuzogcizelela umthwalo wabo, ikakhulukazi umthwalo wabo omkhulu wokusungula phakathi kwamakhosi athile ase-Afrika (futhi hhayi wonke) izindlela zokubambisana ebulelesi bobugqila.
Ukwehliswa kwemali yobukhosi yase-Afrika abaseYurophu abasebenza kuyo, ukuyigqilaza kangcono ngaleso sikhathi kumaphrojekthi abo ayinhlekelele, kuyangcwatshwa. Kungcwatshwe amasu enkambiso aqalwe abaseYurophu ngokushesha nje lapho ukunqotshwa kwe-Afrika kunqotshiwe, njengalo mzuzu okulindeleke ukuthi basebenzise kangcono ubuhlalu babo. Le ndawo yabantu ifihliwe, ngokusho kwayo ukuthi ngezikhathi zobuqaba, umuntu ngokushesha uba ngumzingeli ukuze angazingelwa.
Isethulo esilandelanayo sezivikelo ezakhiwe ngasogwini lwaseNtshonalanga Afrika bekungamukeleka kahle ukukhombisa, ukuthi ngaphambi kokuvikela ukuthengiswa kwezigqila, zazakhiwa kanjani njengezinqanda kwabaseYurophu abafuna ukuzivikela ezimpini zase-Afrika. Lapho uTidiane N'Diaye ememezela isigubhukane lokho abanye abaningi abakucabangayo, “ Ukubambisana kwamanye amakhosi kanye nabasizi babo base-Afrika kulezo zentengiselwano zobugebengu kuyiqiniso eliyiqiniso »(2), nginezela ukuthi ama« maqiniso »ahlupheka ngokungabi banzi kokucaciswa odabeni.
- I-altare leMasonic liphoqa ukuhlonishwa kwabaseYurophu. Ibeka ngokusemthethweni inhlangano yokuqedwa kobugqila njengokungeyabamhlophe kuphela, hhayi njengomkhiqizo wezihlubuki zezigqila. Kuthatha indaba eyabhalwa futhi yabhalwa kabusha ngababhubhisi uqobo, ngenkathi inhlangano yokubhubhisa ingakaze ifane (3). Ihlanganisa ngaphezu kwalokho ngokuqinisa okukhulu kwezimpawu nezethenjwa zabangaphakathi, ukuthuthuka kwemizwa yabo emihle.
Lokhu kwethulwa "kwamaqiniso" kuhlanganiswe izazi-mlando, izifundiswa nabanye abantu abaqeqeshiwe, ubusosayensi babo obufaniswa nesimo sabo kuphela. Kepha ngokusobala, isikhundla sabo siqinisekisa ukungathathi hlangothi kwabo kanye nokuzibandakanya. UFrédéric Régent, isazi-mlando sobugqila obambe iqhaza ekubhalweni kwemibhalo yekhathalogi yombukiso waphakade, weqa i-invoyisi yomlando futhi ngenjabulo waze waphika iqhaza likaHulumeni ebulelesi bokuhweba ngezigqila, ukuphika ukuhleleka kokuhweba ngezigqila, ungakunaki ukwenziwa okungajwayelekile nokujwayelekile kwemiphakathi ephelele (yamasimu) esekwe ebugebengwini nasekungcoleni. Ubeka konke ukukhululeka kwama-electron, ngaphandle kokukhohlwa ukuzisula kunoma yisiphi isahlulelo sokuthi ubushiqela bungasho okuthile: « Akuyona iNtshonalanga, noma i-Afrika futhi ngaphansi kwesizwe noma yiRiphabhulikhi ezibhekele ubugqila, kepha amadoda alangazelela ukucebisa namandla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isazi-mlando asicabangi ngokwamacala kanye nezisulu, kodwa sizama ukuchaza izenzakalo zomlando ». (I-4)
Ngokuqondene nathi esenziwe amakholoni, kuthiwa siyi-heterodox, sidinga kuphela ukuqaphela le nkohliso yangempela, futhi, phezu kwalokho, ebilokhu igubuzele imikhuba yamakoloni kanye nokuqanjwa kwenganekwane yozalo lwabamhlophe nabangamaKristu, njengaleyo ulapha futhi unikezwe ukubona.
Sivezwa ngokusobala, imifanekiso enjalo ifika eqophelweni lokuthambisa nokugwema ukwenziwa kabusha kobugebengu bobugqila amakhulu amane eminyaka. Ngokuhambisana nobugebengu, umphakathi wezigqila wawuyiqiniso eliphelele lezenhlalo, okusho iqiniso elisebenza ngasikhathi sinye futhi ngasikhathi sinye kuzo zonke izikhungo, eliguqula bonke ubukhulu benkampani kanye nempilo yabantu yezepolitiki. , ezomnotho, ezenhlalo, ezokuziphatha, ezomthetho, ezenkolo, ezomlando, ezobuciko. Futhi leli qiniso eliphelele lezenhlalo, umgomo wokuhlela owawususelwe ekwenziweni ngokomthetho kwamacala abhekiswe esintwini, noma ngisho nokwephulwa komthetho oyisisekelo ophikisana nokwenziwa komuntu, kuyacwila lapha ekuphikeni umlando.
ISikhumbuzo ACTe ngakho-ke sibhalwe ekugcineni kwekoloniyali (Mireille Fanon-Mendès France (5)), eFrance futhi eza ukuzokwakha indawo ehlose ukugcina izifiso zabantu, ezimnyama kakhulu kunabamhlophe, ezizwela umthelela womlando wobugqila, ukwehlisa ukukhala kwendlala yakhe yokuqashelwa. Kepha, iSikhumbuzo ACTe asisikhohlisi ekucabangeni okungaqondakali komsebenzi waso wenkumbulo, ovela kuwo. Isifunda saseGuadeloupe esihlotshaniswa noMbuso sesiphinde sathola izindlela, ngenxa yalesi sakhiwo, sokubuyisa intshisekelo yabo "enqubweni yokuvuselela izwe" (6).
UMbuso kanye nesiFunda saseGuadeloupe baphonsa ngaphezu kwabo bonke abantu ebusweni babo, kubona abakhongi, i-tinsel yabo yaseRiphabhulikhi yaphela ekusebenziseni kwabo okungahlanzekile, njengoba esikhathini esidlule ngakho konke ukuzithoba kwakhe, umakoloni wanikeza amakholoni izingubo zakhe zokugqoka njengezenzo zokusiza. Kepha lapha umuntu omnyama uhlala ehamba ze, ngenxa yalezi zinhlamvu lapho wayengenakwenziwa umuntu. Uze nqunu njengakuqala kulesi sikhumbuzo ...
- Nge-Christ altare laso kanye nentombi ekhumbula ukukhululwa kwabomdabu emasikweni abo obuhedeni, ukuthulisa kangcono lokho okushiwo iSonto LamaKatolika ekufakweni kwezentengiselwano ngaphesheya kwezilwandle.
- Nge-altare layo leMason elenza ukuthi inzalo yama-Afro ifike kumaFreemason, ngokubheka ukuqedwa kobugqila, njengoba kudwetshelwe uqweqwe olungakwesokudla kwe-altare, uma isivakashi esingakholwa noma esiwubuwula singaqondi ubukhona baleli altare. Ukuqedwa kwe-Condorcet ( Ukucabanga ngobugqila bama-negroes) ucele ukuba kumiswe iminyaka engama-70 phakathi kokuphela kobugqila nokufakwa kwabakhululekile ekubeni izakhamuzi. Ukuqedwa okwakungekho ngokushesha (7), okwakuhambisana nesinxephezelo sabahlali njengesinxephezelo sokulahlekelwa yinzuzo yabo yobugebengu, ababesebenza ekoneni e-Afrika nase ukwenziwa "kwama-negroes" ukuqinisekisa ukudluliswa kwama-spoliation azo zonke izinhlobo nokubuswa kwabamhlophe.
- Ngemifanekiso yayo ekhombisa ukwakhiwa komuntu omnyama njengoba kuthengiswa ngomqondo ongokoqobo nongokomfanekiso wegama, ukuze kunqandwe ukuhlelwa kobugebengu kusuka emithwalweni yabamhlophe.
Izinhlanganisela eziningi kakhulu ezinanela ngokwezinga elingokomfanekiso amandla onke kayise anciphisa usana.
Ama-conglobations amaningi kakhulu abangela ukuthi abantu abamnyama bafe kabili, ngaphandle kokubanikeza ukungcwatshwa, ngaphandle kokuqaphela ingqikithi yomuntu kwabafileyo, okwenza ubuntu balabo abangcwabe bona.
Futhi ngalezi zithonjana ezifakiwe, zingaki izimemo ezithunyelwa ukuqhubekisela phambili imikhuba yobumhlophe, ukusisiza kangcono njalo ekuziboneni komphakathi okusongelwe kubunikazi beRiphabhulikhi, kumenyezelwe ukuqeda yonke imininingwane yabancane abelwe ukungabonakali.
Empeleni ukuthi uHulumeni kanye neSifunda saseGuadeloupe basinikezile, iSikhumbuzo ACTe sisazisa ngomgomo waso wokuqinisa imemori ebumbene eyenziwe yayibuswa ngabamhlophe, futhi futhi, yobuKristu ... izazi-mlando, esihlangana nazo ngokungapheli ngokungapheli lapho izihloko zememori ehlanganisiwe kanye nobugqila ziveza ... uphawu lokuthi le nkumbulo ifunwa njengoba yenziwe ngumlando, okuyiqiniso "lesayensi" lamaqiniso esikhathi esedlule, okuqhubekayo umgomo wokuqinisa inoveli kazwelonke yaseFrance.
Abaqambi nabaxhasi beSikhumbuzo ACTe abakaze baphule umsebenzi we-homeostatic wenkumbulo ehlanganyelwe yaseFrance, okusikisela ukuthi bavalelwe ezinqumweni zenhlalo yomphakathi wezigqila, ezala kabusha njengokusebenza kokudlulisa. inzalo. ISikhumbuzo ACTe kanye nezindikimba zayo ezelulekayo ziphinde futhi zamisa ukumelana noshintsho ngokwenkumbulo nezinhlaka zezenhlalo ezikubumbayo, futhi lokhu kusengaphambili, ngoba zikwenze kwaba ngukusebenza kwayo, ukuthi " Imemori ikusasa lesikhathi esedlule "(8).
Ngalo mbono futhi bazi kahle izingqinamba zezepolitiki zenkumbulo ezihlangene, lezi zinhlaka zithatha uhlelo lweSikhumbuzo ACTe inqubomgomo kazwelonke yokukhohlwa, ubuqili nobuciko obuthola ukusetshenziswa kwayo esikalini. yendawo. Uma emlandweni wezepolitiki waseFrance isikhungo besilokhu sazi ukuthi singasetshenziswa kanjani lesi sixazululo ukufeza izinhloso zaso zangaphakathi, iSikhumbuzo ACTe manje siyakuqinisekisa konke ukuhambisana kwalolu hlelo lokusebenza.
Kodwa-ke, umonakalo ubalulekile ekubumbaneni komphakathi waseFrance, okuzibonakalisa ngokusobala ukuthi usabuswa yi-heteronomy. Kakhulukazi endabeni yememori ehlangene, lokhu kuhlangana kuhlala kuhlelwa ngokusebenzisa i-cleavage ngenhloso yokugcinwa kwayo ngokuhlukaniswa. Isikhumbuzi se-etymology yegama elithi ukuhlukaniswa, elivela alienus, okusho ukuthi "omunye", "owokufika", kugcizelela lo mkhuba oqaphile oholela ekutheni umuntu abe ngowangaphandle kuye, ngokulahlekelwa amandla akhe aphucwa omunye. Indlela ye-Hegelian yokuhlukaniswa (9) iyazi nokuthi ikwembula kanjani ukuthi ukwahlukana kuvela ekunyakazeni okuthile kokwembuleka komoya, okusetshenziswa yiSiko, okuqondwa njengenqubo yokuphakanyiswa kwe-Self. Sikuqonda kahle ukuthi iSikhumbuzo ACTe sibamba iqhaza ngokuphelele ekuhlukaniseni inzalo ye-Afro, njengenhlangano yamasiko obizo lwayo ukudlulisela inkumbulo.
Uma imvamisa ukubonwa komtholampilo, kwezengqondo njengakwisayensi yezenhlalo, kusikhombisa ukuthi isimo sokudluliswa sihambisana nokuhamba, okubalulekile ukukukhomba ukuze uqonde amandla aso, kuyamangalisa impela ukuqaphela ukuthi ezindabeni zokudlulisa inkumbulo yobugqila, ukwehlukaniswa kuhlala kuyisisekelo futhi kuhlangene. Ngo-1712 uWilliam Lynch wayememezele ngempela ukuthi ifa lomphakathi wezigqila lalizodlula ezizukulwaneni ezazizocasulwa yimithelela yalo:
« Ngizokunikeza isu isinyathelo sokufaka zonke lezi zinto ndawonye; kodwa ngaphezu kwakho konke, ngingathanda ukukutshela ukungathembeki, ukungazethembi, kuphumelela kakhulu kunokuhlonipha noma ukuhlonishwa. Isigqila esimnyama, emva kokuthola lokhu kukhishwa kwengqondo, sizoqhubeka sodwa futhi sihlakulele leyo mizwa ezoba nomthelela ekuziphatheni kwayo amakhulu noma ngisho nezinkulungwane zeminyaka, ngaphandle kwethu ukungenelela. Ukuzithoba kwabo kithi kanye nempucuko yethu ngeke kube yinto ephelele kuphela kodwa futhi kujulile futhi ihlala njalo ".
Futhi phezulu kwenhlangano yephiramidi yale "isu lokusebenza" elenziwe nguLynch lihleli ngokubambisana, okuphindaphindwayo namhlanje ukuze inqubo ekhethiwe isetshenziselwe ukuqinisekisa ukubumbana kwenoveli kazwelonke yaseFrance. , lapho ukuvelela kwamasiko kwabamhlophe kuhlala kubanikeza indima enhle. Esimweni samanje, lokhu kuhlangana kutholakala ngokudicilela phansi, ngaphandle kwamahloni, ukuzethemba okuhlangene kwabazukulu base-Afro njengoba iSikhumbuzo ACTe sifakaza. Lokhu kuhlangana kukazwelonke kugcinwa kubumbano lonke, ngaphansi kwesifihla sokuhlala ndawonye kanye nokushayisana, lapho amaFulentshi ezinye izinhlobo zisabonakala njengabethambekele ekuthambekiseni ukuhlangana. Kulokhu kudunyiswa kokuhlala ndawonye, kubulawa isiko elilele ekuphikiseni phakathi kwamaFulentshi esitokwe namaFulentshi kwesinye isitoko, noma yiziphi izinkulumo zenhloso enhle ezishoyo; kepha inhloso ihlala itholakala ezenzweni.
Konke lokhu akukuqapheli lokho okushiwo yisazi sefilosofi uPatrice Canivez ngakho:
« Ngaphezu kwalokho, umbono wokuthi umlando ususa umuzwa womphakathi kwimemori ehlanganayo, mhlawumbe usiholela ekuwususheni ngokushesha okukhulu umehluko phakathi komlando nenkumbulo. (…). Kwimemori, inkumbulo ikhona futhi okwedlule kwenziwa. Akuzange kudlule impela. Kungakho le nkumbulo iphakela izimpawu. Kuyathinta futhi kuhlanganisa amaqembu athola kuwo ukuzwakalisa ubunikazi bawo, okusho ukuthi kuyisisekelo semiphakathi ebumbene futhi efudumele. Yikho lokhu okwenza umphakathi ube yikhaya, indawo lapho umuntu engahlala khona. Ifakwe ezithombeni, ezintweni, kwizimpawu ezihlinzeka isikhala, kumikhuba eminingi yansuku zonke noma emincane ... ". (10)
Kodwa eFrance, incazelo yegama lomphakathi ivunyelwe emaqenjini amhlophe omphakathi kanye namasiko, kanti lokho kusho ukuthi ngokushesha kudidekile nalokho kokusebenzisana lapho amanye amaqembu abathintekayo enemibala.
Uma sikulesi sikhumbuzo, amaFreemason ahlomula kuma-honours amaningi nakuma-socialboards, umbuzo wokuthembeka kwezengqondo uyavela. Lezi zindawo zokulala zivame ukuhanjelwa ngabazuzi be "Great Whites" zohlelo lwezigqila, abakhi abakhulu bamanethiwekhi amakoloni. Izindawo zokulala ezisungulwe ngemibala, ngaphandle kwalezo zabamhlophe, bezibandakanya ukubenza babe ngamadoda ahloniphekile ukukhuthaza ukuhlangana kwabo nohlelo, noma ngabe bekungafanelekile ebugqilini. Futhi kule mesh, siyaphinda ngomsebenzi kaNelly Schmitt, umlando wabhalwa futhi wabhalwa kabusha yiFreemason.
Lapho kulesi sikhumbuzo esinye sezithombe zokuqala zombala omnyama simbonisa egqoke elengayo elinophawu lweMasonic, umuntu omnyama usancishiselwa ekubeni isithasiselo somlungu kuphela. Okokuqala, akukho okuchazwa ngokujulile ngokuthi yini inqubo eyivelakancane nenobuqili yokukhululwa kwezigqila. Eqinisweni, bekuncike kulo lonke igunya lomnikazi, kufezwe ngokuncane nangesikhathi esifushane kulawa makhulu amane eminyaka yobugqila, ngenxa yokuthi isidingo sezomnotho sasikhona emiphakathini yamasimu lapho isikhathi esiningi sasigcwele khona. ukushoda kwezigqila; lapho-ke futhi kwavinjelwa ngamandla obukhosi (11). Isithombe-ke sinikeza ukuziqhenya ngendawo ekungenisweni okuyiphutha kwenkululeko yabo yamanje.
Ngaphandle kwenkululeko yakhe ekhonjisiwe, okungabamnyama kokumhlophe kuphawulwa ngokwencika okusele, lokho kwesikweletu. Ukulalela kwamaMason kufaka isikweletu esiphindwe kabili, leso senkululeko enikeziwe naleyo yemfundo, njengoba uqwembe olungakwesokudla se-altare lukugcizelela… umusa omkhulu owamukelwe ngesipho.
Ngakho-ke iSikhumbuzo ACTe sakha kabusha ukuthembela kokumnyama kokumhlophe e-altare lomnikelo. Ngakho-ke iSikhumbuzo ACTe sivuselela amandla esikweletu ahlala eyisikhali sabanamandla ukugqilaza ababuthakathaka.
Lapho ikoloniyalizimali "inika" abamnyama inkululeko eyathathelwa yona, ayikhohlwa ukuyigqokisa nezimpawu ezikhumbuza isikweletu sayo salesi sipho, njengalesi sihlobiso esithandekayo esinophawu lweMasonic. Kuleli prism, umuntu omnyama ubuyiselwe ngokomfanekiso esimweni esedlule, esihlelwe yi-Eurocentrism njengaleso sobudlova. Kuze kube yilolu suku, umuntu omnyama akakhululekile kwinkululeko yakhe. Ngomzimba wakhe nangomphefumulo wakhe, akakhululekile. Uhlala enqunu njengasesikhathini sokuthunjwa kwakhe, ephucwa ngisho nomzimba wakhe uqobo. Lapha futhi manje, umuntu omnyama uthulile futhi uhlala njalo, njengakulezo zikhathi zobumnyama, ephundlwe ubumhlophe nokudunyiswa kwayo, nakho okwaphuca abantu abamnyama ifa.
Umzimba womuntu uyazi ukuthi ungakhuluma kanjani ngobudlelwano bezenhlalo obudabulayo bese ubhala omaka bayo kuwo. Ngaphezu kokuncishiselwa ekubeni ngumzimba, ukungahambisani okuhle nomphakathi, umuntu omnyama, okwakusele kuye umzimba wakhe kuphela, wabuswa njengethuluzi lokufingqa. Ngamafuphi, umuntu omnyama wayeqedwa ngokuphelele.
Lobu bunqunu buhlala buwumbukwane, ngokugcwala komzimba wakho njengoba buvela kulesi sikhumbuzo. Ibese iyayimisa njengento yokulwa nodlame lwezepolitiki olugcinwa yi-neo-colonialism yamanje yaseFrance. Ngokwesimo esinje, le nqunu engokomfanekiso yomuntu omnyama udlame udlame olumhlophe oluhlela impilo nokufa, oluvumela ukuthi kuphila kubulawe, okubulala nokuxolela, kufaka umongo wokusinda ekuphucweni komzimba uqobo kulandela ukuphucwa umzimba. Njengasezinsukwini zakudala!
Umuntu omnyama uyasinda, kunjalo, kepha ekuhlukaniseni… Ungumphathi womuntu omusha, umzimba omusha, impilo entsha, ikusasa elisha, kodwa yikuphi? … Labo ababelwe ngokugcwele yisifiso senkosi emfaka ku-oda lomhlaba omusha. Ngokuyinhloko kulolu hlelo olusha, namuhla umuntu omnyama usahleli futhi uhamba ze njalo. " Imemori akuyona nje imfuno yomuntu siqu. Kungumsebenzi ongapheli woku-oda nokwakhiwa komhlaba ».JMG I-Clezio (i-12)
Kulokhu kuqhubeka okucacile phakathi kokwakhiwa kwabamnyama bangezolo nalabo abamnyama banamuhla, umbuzo wokufakwa emhlabeni wabaphilayo uphakanyiswe kakhulu. Njengoba uManu Dibango ecula (13), kuyena indwangu ayisoze yaba mhlophe. Futhi lapho kulo mkhuba wokugcina, kulungiswe uphawu lwedrive yokufa yaseFranco-French ehamba, izikhipha yona ngaphandle kwemingcele.
Ngokwesimo lapho inzalo yama-Afro incishwa ubukhosi, ngizocaphuna amazwi omlungu owayeke wabhekana nokuhlushwa njengesiboshwa sempi. Ngabe kufanele sidlule kulokhu ukuze umfundi akhulume? UGeorges Hyvernaud uzohleka ngakho ethuneni lakhe, yena owakhombisa kahle ukuthi izingxabano ziguqula kanjani amakhodi nokuziphatha komphakathi.
« Ngeke ngisho nokudlula. Ihamba usuku nosuku, esidlule, idlula futhi itholakala. Kufanele uvikele izinkumbulo zakho njengejacket yakho noma ihembe lakho, futhi noma kunjalo bayahlaziya futhi bahlukane. Kuzwakala kahle, futhi kuhle kithi. Kukholelwa ukuthi umuntu uphethe izinkumbulo zakhe ngokwakhe, ukuthi abashaya kithi njengenhliziyo yethu, njengempilo yethu. Lokhu akulona iqiniso. Kuleli zwe elingabonakali lokuthunjwa lapho konke okwakubhalwe khona, konke okwakushiwo izinyathelo zethu, kususwe kithi ngesikhathi esifanayo, esidlule siphumelele kithi, sisishiya, siya ezicucu ". UGeorges Hyvernaud, (14)
Ngokuvusa inkumbulo, sikhomba enkumbulweni yezizukulwane ngezizukulwane ezenza ukuxhumana okuthe xaxa kwezenhlalo kunalokho okwenziwa umlando waseRiphabhuliki. Muva nje, uPatrice Tacita ukhiphe umbhalo obhalwe ngokuqamba igama ngeSikhumbuzo ACTe "isenzo sokungcolisa inkumbulo". Ngalesi sisho, kuzwelana kahle nodlame oluyisisekelo olwenziwa yile ndawo lapho ubukoloni busemazingeni alo onke nokuthi lesi sikhumbuzo senza ubudlova nini lapho, ngaphansi kokuhlaselwa kwendawo yokugcina yokuphumula, inkumbulo ibhujiswa. . Uhlola umkhondo wesilonda somzimba ophindwe kabili nomzimba esakhiweni esakhelwe ingunaphakade, okunye okuthinta umzimba womphakathi wamaNigro! Futhi lesi senzo sokungcolisa umthetho siphikisana nanoma imuphi umzamo wokucaciswa kokuziphatha, ngakho-ke kusekelwe kuGood and Just, ebesikulindele kubaqambi nakubeluleki balesi sikhumbuzo.
Futhi konke lokhu kunokuhambisana okuqhubekayo okuyinhlekelele kokuphikiswa kwesihloko esikhathini sethu samanje, ngoba ungowokuzalwa e-Afrika. Le nkumbulo iqhubeka nomsebenzi obulala kakhulu, wokubeka njalo isikhumba kumuntu omnyama. Iphinde iqhutshwe ukulandisa okusemthethweni komlando wobugqila okwandisa ukudideka, futhi okulungisa inani eliphelele leqiniso eliyingqayizivele nelingavumelekile. Iqiniso elibuya kokungokoqobo kwezwe lapho umuntu omnyama esesifa!
Isakhiwo se-psychic senhlangano esabekayo ehleli equlekile ngokuhlanganyela sisebenza kahle, esiphika umuntu omnyama njengesifundo. Ku-Memorial ACTe, lesi sakhiwo esesabekayo sakha isakhiwo samasiko esihamba phambili, futhi okokuqala okwakhiwa nguHulumeni ngokubheka ingxenye yawo yamakoloni. Ukuze umsebenzi wokubuyisana kwamadoda nomlando wawo wenzeke, bekufanele usekelwe kusixhumanisi esiyisisekelo, leso semvelaphi. Kepha yonke imibuzo ephakanyiswe yilo mbuzo wemvelaphi naleyo yezinjongo zamasiko ezilandelwa umphakathi onikiwe ayibuzwanga ekwakhiweni kwale ndawo. Manje yisiphi esinye isakhiwo senhlalo ngaphandle kwalelo siko esingasebenza emsebenzini kumsuka wezihloko zenhlalo, sazi ukuthi umsebenzi kumsuka uhlala uvuselela isihloko? Lesi sakhiwo samasiko esibizayo, iSikhumbuzo ACTe, siveza inkundla yemidlalo yomphakathi wamasimu, futhi sibopha izigcawu zengqondo ndawonye ochungechungeni olungapheli.
Ekugcineni, singazibuza nje ukuthi yikuphi ukudluliswa okusebenza okuyinkimbinkimbi yenhlangano esabekayo, uma kungenjalo yokwehliswa komuntu omnyama? Kufanele kugcizelelwe ukuthi ngalokhu kuncishiswa okuhlale kudluliswa njalo, ukungena kwengqondo yomuntu omnyama kuyabuye kuvuselelwe, kuyilapho izinto eziyimbangela yokuhlukumezeka kwakhe zivuselelwa. Yilokhu okwenza okwedlule okungadluli, ukusebenzisa isisho esidumile.
Ukubumbana komphakathi waseFrance kuzithola kungahambelani nokuphindaphindeka kokuphindaphindeka kwesibalo se-colonizer / isihambi kanye naleso sabakholoni / abahlukanisiwe, yize kufihlwe ngaphansi kokugcizelelwa kobunikazi beRiphabhulikhi kuzwakala nobuzwe kakhulu). Lokhu kwaziwa lapho, noma ngabe kuyiriphabhuliki noma kukazwelonke, kuthathwa njengokuzihlanganisa noMbuso, futhi lokho kufinyelela endaweni yonke. Akukho lutho lwaseFrance kuleli phuzu, olufana nazo zonke izifundazwe, olususelwa kusiko elasungulwa yimicimbi eyedlule eyenza ubumbano. Inkinga yonke ilele ekwakhiweni kwale micimbi edlule.
Akekho oyoke asebenzise lo mbono wobunikazi beRiphabhulikhi ngokushesha nje lapho kuqubuka ukungqubuzana phakathi kwezinye izinhlangano zamasiko aseFrance eFrance, njengamaBreton noma amaVendeans ngokwesibonelo. Ukuguqulwa kwakamuva komthethosisekelo wezifunda kusinikeze amasampula amahle kule ndawo, lapho ama-Alsatia, ngokwesibonelo, ememezela ngesikhathi sokuxoxwa komgwaqo, ukuthi bebengafuni ukuhlanganiswa noLorraine ngoba ukudla kwabo kanye nomlando wabo wehlukile. Sizwile izitatimende ezifanayo ezivela kwinani elikhulu labantu baseFrance, ngaleyo ndlela bezwakalisa ukwesaba ubunikazi besiko besifunda obusongelwa ukuphindiswa kwezifunda. Kepha lapho nje izinkulumo ezinjalo zivela ezizukulwaneni zase-Afro, abantu baseFrance bezinye izingcindezi, izindawo ezingaphesheya kwezilwandle zaseFrance, lezi zinhlangano zamasiko zisolwa ngobukhomanisi, futhi lapho kuvela ulaka, hhayi ngaphandle kokukhombisa usongo oluvelele lobunikazi. okwezwe nokuhlala ndawonye. Akekho oqondayo, futhi bonke banxusa njengendoda eyodwa eFrance, umhlaba wokukhoseliswa, owokufika kanye namalungelo abantu. Ukuqhamuka kusebenza ngejubane eligcwele, ngenkathi ukuzithoba kuzwakala kakhulu, kuyabonakala, kuyabonakala.
Ngaphambi kokuthi i-psychoanalysis iqale ukucabanga kokungazi lutho, ifilosofi esivele ikhona noLeibniz, yayisungule ubukhona bendawo yezangqondo lapho impilo nomcabango kubhanqwe khona ukuzala indawo ukwazi, okuvela kukho isenzo nezenzo ezifihliwe. I-Psychoanalysis icebisa lo mnikelo, bese kuthi uCG Jung awenabisele emcabangweni wokungazi lutho okuhlangene, njengoba kuqukethe ama-archetypes akhiqiza indawo yonke futhi enza kabusha. Lokhu kujika kugcizelela ukubaluleka kokuquleka okuhlangene okukhiqiza izikimu zokucabanga nezenzo ezisekelwe ku-archetype yomlungu, okhulelwe njenge-anthropological substrate par excellence, njengoba uLouis Sala-Molins ekufanelekela lokho (15), enkampanini yethu yaseFrance. Ngokushesha nje lapho lesi sihloko kungesona isiFulentshi somdabu, ngokwendlela akhathazeke ngayo, imodeli yethu kazwelonke idala ukwesaba okuphelele kwezimo zenhlalo nokho ezinenhloso enkulu, iyaqhubeka nokuqedwa komcabango, ngabamele umphakathi abakhelwe ukubusa ezombusazwe ezenziwa ngokobuhlanga, futhi kuholela emaphethini omcabango nasenzweni lapho ukuzithoba kuphelela khona ekuqondeni.
Futhi lapho ukuzithoba kungena esikhundleni somnyama njengombala omnyama nomhlophe njengokumhlophe kuzo zonke izinto i-ad vitam aeternam, izindlela ezimbili zokuzivikela zilenga ingqondo kulesi sici sokuqonda.
Ukuhlasela kokuqala kumnyama ngokukuveza njengokulawulwa yintukuthelo yaphakade, inzondo, emvimba ekuvuleleni ubuningi bobudlelwano bezenhlalo. "Ngishaqekile kakhulu ngenzondo engaka maqondana neNtshonalanga, isimo sokuziphindiselela esiqinisa igazi lami !!!»Ukuphawula okuvela kumsebenzisi we-inthanethi kule mpikiswano Ingabe ukucwasana kwabantu sekuyinsakavukela?(16)
Umshini wesibili udlala ngokungenelela embukisweni "wobandlululo olulwa nabamhlophe", ibinzana elikhombisa kakhulu ingcindezi yezenhlalo etholwa ngabantu abathile bomdabu baseFrance lapho bebhekene nokwehluka kweFrance abangakwazi ukumelana nakho, kunenhloso yabo ukucindezelwa kwezenhlalo ngalokhu kwehlukahlukana lapho. Lolu hlelo lokuhlasela / ukuzivikela, oluyisibonelo semodeli yomlungu okhulelwe ngobuciko, alukho ngaphandle kokuhumusha ukuguqulwa komcabango uma kungekho ukucwaswa kwangempela okuguqukayo.
Isikhumbuzo se-ACT, esamenyezelwa njengesikhungo esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni esizinikele enkumbulweni yobugqila, sikhulu kakhulu ukwedlula isimemezelo saso. Kepha njengoba imiyalo yobukhulu ihluka ngakunye, ngingasho ukuthi ubukhulu baKhe benza umbono waleli cala elikhulu elibhekiswe esintwini azi ukuthi angalisula kanjani lize lifake intethelelo. Futhi ngenkathi, ngesikhathi kuvulwa iSikhumbuzo se-ACTe, uFrançois Hollande wakhipha isimo esingenakulungiseka seTransatlantic Treaty, umbono owabiwa kakhulu amaFrance, noma ngabe ahambisana nezombusazwe ngakwesobunxele, noma ngisho nabashokobezi abamelene nokucwasana, ngokunembile kusho amanga - ebalekela ukusebenza njengesihlonipho sikaHulumeni-esivumelekile, njengoba iqembu laseRiphabhuliki lisaqonda, ngokuvumela ukujeziswa ukuthi ukusebenza kwabamhlophe kuqala kunikeza enye indlela yokuqulwa kwecala.
Ngoba noma yiliphi icala empeleni alinakulungiswa kumqondo womuntu, nokuthi noma ngabe yiliphi icala, kungaba ngelokugcina ebulelesi. Ngisho nesijeziso esinzima kakhulu ngeke sakwazi ukuvala ukulahleka nokuntuleka. Ngokuqondene nesimo sayo esingaphindiseka, okokuqala kuyalelwa yisidingo sokwakhiwa kabusha kwe-Self kanye nesidingo sokwamukela ukuhlukumezeka, okuhlala kucindezelwa uma ukukhokhelwa kobugebengu kungavunyelwe. Ngalo mqondo, ayixhunyanisiwe nomthetho weTalion njengoba abaningi becabanga noma bewunxenxa ukumboza ukujeziswa kwabo okuncishiswa ubumhlophe babo, ubumhlophe obenziwe ngokuhoxa esitokweni noma ngokuzikhethela kobunikazi.
Ngokwenzelela izisulu ezihlala ukuhlupheka, ama-Afro-inzalo hhayi izisulu zommeleli, kepha izisulu ngokudluliselwa kwesiqalekiso somuntu omnyama, okwenza ukukhiqizwa kwesimo senhlalo, leli gama likaGaston Bachelard lifike ngesikhathi: " Isililo esinonya kakhulu ukuqaphela ikusasa elikhashelwe (I-17)
Ngoba ikusasa elithenjiswe laba bantu abahlukumezekile lenziwa njengomyalo wokulahla umlando wabo, wokuhlanganiswa komphakathi emhlabeni lapho isiko labo lizwelana khona lapho lincishiswa laba yinganekwane, ukugingqika kwemigqomo nezinqulu. UWagner ngabe usho lokho " umculo uqala lapho amandla amagama egcina khona ". Kepha hhayi ngemikhosi noma ezinye izikhala zesikhumbuzo, ezima ukwenza uhlelo lomculo we-Afro-inzalo, noma ukuqoqa nobufakazi, lapho sizokwenza khona ngokuhlukana komphakathi. Akukona kulesi sikhala sokudonswa ngokuhlanganyela lapho sizokwazi khona ukukhawulela ukwazi kwabo, intando yabo, ulimi lwabo.
Ukulungiswa kobugebengu sekuvele kuyazi ukuthi kungaqalwa kanjani umsebenzi wokulila, kumuntu lowo ukubuyiselwa okungokomfanekiso okuvame ukubalwa ngaphezu kokukhokhelwa kwezezimali, noma ngabe kufanele kubhekwe lokho. Lapho ukukhokhelwa okungokomfanekiso kuqedela ukubuyiselwa kwezezimali, "ibhalansi yakho konke", okuchazwe ngokufanelekile nguChristiane Taubira lapho kuphela ukubuyiswa kwemali, akusafanelekile.
Kulabo abahlukunyezwayo noma abasebenza nabo, isimo esingalungiseki sobugebengu akuyona enye into ngaphandle kwe-alibi evumela ukubalekela imiphumela yezibopho zabo. Ekuncengeni kwakhe, ukungaboni ngokulungiswa okucatshangwa ngokungacabangi kuvame ukubonwa eceleni kwempumelelo yenjabulo kubalandeli babo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyamangaza ukuphawula ukuthi kungakanani ebugqilini, umqondo wokuphenduka ugcwala ngomqondo okhohlisayo uze uvuse ulaka, kanti leli gama lihlala lifana kwezinye izimo. 'igama elihle elihlonipha umuntu okwazi ukuchibiyela. Ukucabanga kuguqulwa ngokunqunywa ngokushesha lapho isihloko sivela emiphumeleni yomlando wobugqila noma wekoloni. Ngenkathi ukuphenduka kumemezela njalo njengokuziphatha okuhle, noma ngabe kunasiphi isimo esithile, kuguqulwa kungazelelwe kuleli cala ngombhalo ongekho emthethweni nasecaleni. Ngakho-ke kuncane kakhulu ukuba semthethweni kokuphenduka okusindayo kule mpikiswano kunesisindo sezimo ezikuthonyayo. Okunye kwalokhu kubuya kokuquleka okuhlangene, okwaphawulwa ngokungaguquguquki kwabamhlophe nabakwaJudao-Christian, kubhalisa la mathonya ekwenqatsheni ubulungiswa.
Uma ekuqaleni, i-Memorial ACTe icatshangwe kahle nguLuc Reinette kanye ne-CIPN ngezindawo zokuzindla, ukuphambuka kwayo kokugcina kumemezela ubuze babo okungenzeka, futhi lokho kuzosho okuthile kokumelana kwethu okuzoqhubeka. Ngoba ukuphelelwa yithemba kugcwele lapha futhi manje ama-Afro-inzalo afana nalokhu okwakhiwe ngokuqinisekile emngceleni we-Atlantic kepha engakwazi ukubhoboza umkhathizwe. Kodwa-ke, "akungenxa yokuthi umuntu ubona ukuphela kolwandle ukuthi akulona olukhulu", njengoba u-Ernest Pépin ekuvumela ukusho komunye wabalingiswa bakhe encwadini yakhe Ngemuva kwezigcawu (18). Ukuphawula kwami kwamanje kuyingxenye yomsebenzi womphakathi, wokuhamba ngale kwalokhu.
Ngokuqondene noMkhandlu Wezesayensi waseLe Grand Memorial, sifisa ukuthi ubhekele imigomo yezenhlalo nezepolitiki ayisebenzisayo. Kungaba yisikhathi esihle sokuqonda ukuthi lesi sikhumbuzo sibalekela ngokuphelele umsebenzi waso lapho siqinisa ngokweqile zonke izimpawu zemilingo zesikhathi esedlule ezikhona kakhulu, futhi lokhu kungasebenzi ekuqedweni kwabo ... ukuthi kusabaphunyuka lapho kudlula noma iyiphi indlela. maqondana nokunye, lapha okuhlanganiswe yi-Afrodescendance, ekugwemeni ukuzivikela kwalokho okufanele kube ukuqaphela okuhlangene ngobubanzi bobugebengu.
Kodwa-ke kuphela lokhu kuhlangana okuhlangene lapho, okungadluli ngokungafanele ememori ehlanganisiwe, okuzovumela ukufinyelela kokungena ngaphakathi kobudlelwano phakathi kwabantu bomdabu baseFrance nabantu baseFrance bezinye izitoko. Futhi ngokungabi khona kwalokhu kuhlangana okuhlangene lapho, bobabili abomdabu baseFrance nabase-Afro-inzalo bazohlala ekudalweni komunye. Inzalo yama-Afro izobe isibhaliswa ngokuqinisekile kulo mcabango ovezwe ngu-Osmane Cha, “ Ngiyazi kahle ukuthi ikusasa lami lithini uma ngiphumile ".
Lapho amathuba wokuhlonza esuswa kunoma imuphi umbono wobunikazi, akufanele kumangaze ukuthi ukubuyisana phakathi kwabantu baseFrance bayo yonke imvelaphi bawela emthonjeni wokungezwani.
Lesi sithangami sizibiza ngokuthi sihlaba ikhwelo ehlazweni lesifunda nelikazwelonke ngokuba sesibhale indaba yomzingeli omhlophe, kodwa kuyihlazo engifisa ukuthi lapha ngiguqulwe ngibe umuzwa omuhle. Ihlazo liba lihle lapho kukhombisa ukuqaphela kokubi, isimo esidingekayo ukuze kufinyelelwe ukungena ku-intersubjectivity nokuxhumana okuhle komphakathi kuqala. Okwe-intersubjectivity akukaze kwakhiwe ngaphandle kokubuka kokunye. Kepha ngaphandle kokuvela kwaleli hlazo lapho, umbono we-athomu wesakhamuzi saseFrance uzoqhubeka nokwakha inkumbulo ehlangene efakwe ngokoloniyali futhi sizinikeze yona. Lo mcabango ka-Emil Michel Cioran uzokwakha isisekelo salokhu okuhle engikubiza ngokuthi:
« Ukuzisola akulimazi kangako njengoba ulingeka ukuba ucabange. Uzama ukusindisa okwedlule, ukuphela kwendlela esinayo emisebenzini yokukhohlwa, ukuzisola yinkumbulo edlulela ekuhlaselweni ".
Mayelana nokuxolelwa, okwaziyo kwabanye ukuthi kungavulwa kanjani iziphethu zokubuyisana phakathi kwamaqembu omphakathi aphikisanayo, bekholelwa ukuthi ukuhlala ndawonye kuzothokoziswa ngesisekelo se-tabula rasa, ake sikhumbule ukubonwa okungaphelelwa yisikhathi kukaJean Jacques Rousseau: " Ngiyabazi abesilisa futhi ukuthi bangakunaki ukuthi imvamisa aboniwe bayathethelela, kepha owoniwe akalokothi athethelele »(19).
Ake sigcizelele ukuthi lokhu kubuyisana okwakucatshangwa ukuthi kungokwezwe kunalokho kuphendula ekubalekeni kwalolu dweshu, lapho kuyo yonke inhlobo yokulawulwa kwezingxabano seyiphelile, kanye nezimbuyiselo zobugebengu bokuhweba ngezigqila ngaphesheya kwe-Atlantic.
Uma futhi amanye amalungu eScientific Council of the ACTe Memorial ekholelwa ukuthi abalulekile futhi anolwazi olwanele emkhakheni wokukhumbula, bazokwazi ukucabanga ngalomcabango kaNicolas Offenstad, uMfundisi Wezomlando eNyuvesi yaseParis-Panthéon-Sorbonne, umbhali wezindaba:
“Umlando awukaze uhlale uyizazi zezazi-mlando zodwa. Kepha kulezi zinsuku, sekuyinkinga enkulu yezepolitiki. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amaqembu amaningi afuna ukubamba ama-pasts abo, avame ukumakwa ngokuhlupheka (ukushushiswa, ubugqila, njll.), Ngakolunye uhlangothi uMongameli weRiphabhulikhi, encike kumsinga ongaphansi, kufaka phakathi isigaba somqondo, izama ukuvuselela inoveli kazwelonke, le ndaba enkulu yokushisekela izwe yakhela iFrance konke ukuhlangana nenqubekela phambili. "(20)
Thina, abamnyama nabamhlophe, okungukuthi labo abathi ngaphezu kwakho konke ukuqonda komculo we-melanistic kanye ne-colourist bacabangele ukucwaswa kwamanje komlando wobugqila nokwenziwa kwamakoloni, futhi bakholelwa ekubuyisaneni okungaba khona ezweni lonke, abamelene nakho ukoloniyali solarian weSikhumbuzo se-ACTe. Isikhumbuzo se-ACT esihlukanisa.
Futhi uma ubuqili obumhlophe bubheka ukuthi busikhululile futhi kokubi, futhi ngalomqondo benza umyalo wokuthi ubonge kuwo, sinegama elilodwa kuphela ... Maye, CHA
Sizoqhubeka siphile, futhi lokhu njengoba uRené Char akuqonda: "Ukuphila ukuqhubeka nokuphothula inkumbulo".
CU-Athy Liminana-Dembélé
psychosociologist
1. Sibonga u-V. Ngoupayou, uMongameli we-AFreeKa Matateyou Association, esimbongayo, sikwazile ukuba nombiko ogcwele wokuvakashela iSikhumbuzo se-ACTe ngosuku lokuvulwa kwaso, siholwa ngumphathi wephrojekthi yakhe uMnu Thierry L Isiziba
3. "Isho ukuthini le nkulumo Ukunyakaza kwama-French abolitionist ngesikhathi esibhekiwe (...) Ingabe yi- ezinyakazayo, unikezwe ukuvumelana okushiwo yileli gama. Ingabe le nkulumo empeleni ayifihli ukuguquguquka okukhulu kwesithunzi nokungazi ngokuqondene nabaphikisi ochungechungeni lwezibophezelo obekungajwayelekile ukuvumelanisa nokuvumelana. Iyiphi indawo ebibekelwe ukuhlubuka kwezigqila, kwecala abalilandelayo, okuvame ukuveza ukuphikisana nobugqila kanye nenhlangano yamakoloni? Ukuqashelwa komlando kwendlela yokulwa nobugqila ethize emakoloni akwenzekanga. Ababhubhisi bekhulu le-XIXth, ababhala umlando wabo, bona ngokwabo bashicilela imibhalo efakazela ukuzibophezela kwabo, balungisa indawo yokuzalela abazithandayo, kufanele kuvunyelwe, ngenxa yomlando okhethwe kahle wamakholoni owalandela. (…) Akekho kubo owayebhekwa njengofanelekele ukuba abolitionists izigqila ezihlubukayo noma abaholi babo abamenyezelwe futhi besatshwa kakhulu yiziphathimandla. »UNelly Schmitt Abaqedi baseFrance bokugqilazwa - Revue Française d'Histoire d'Outre-mer - unyaka ka-2000 - N ° 326-327 - k. 208
4. http://www.herodote.net/articles/article.php?ID=17&ID_dossier=123
5. UMireille Fanon-Mendès France: “Ekugcineni, eminyakeni engama-50 ngemuva kwenkululeko, singasho ukuthi uma ubukoloniyali bungasekho ngezindlela eziqondile nezinesihluku, ubukoloniyali abukaze bunyamalale ezingqondweni zabantu futhi ikakhulukazi kulabo babuse futhi bahlele umhlaba ngokwezintshisekelo zabo ”.http://www.alainet.org/fr/active/70337
6. Nicolas Offenstad - Indaba yokubambana - I-Stock - Thenga - 2009
7. Kusukela ngo-1848 kuya ku-1870, izimiso zokuqeda zazisetshenziswa ngokungahleliwe noma ngokuchitshiyelwa, njengoba kushiwo ngu-Oruno D. Lara ku Ukubulawa kwenkululeko: eGuadeloupe, eGuyana, eMartinique naseRéunion ngo-1848-1856, Umhl. IL'Harmattan, 2005.
8. UPaul Valéry, Cahiers I, I-Library ye-Pléiade, i-Gallimard 1973, iphe.1256
9. UGWFriedrich Hegel, I-Phenomenology yomqondo, U-Ed. Sapwood, i-1991 (1807), isahluko se-6
10. Patrice Canivez kufundiswe isakhamuzi?, Paris, Hatier, 1990, iqoqo “Philosophizing in the present”; 2e uhlelo olubukeziwe, iqoqo le- "Optics", 1995, isahluko 5
11. “Njengoba ukuthuthukiswa kwamakholoni kwakususelwa ebugqilini ikakhulukazi engxenyeni yobuhlanga, uMqhele wayehlaziya njalo imigomo yezomthetho ephathelene nokugqilazwa nokukhululwa kwezigqila. Ngenkathi kuqalwa kumgomo wokuthi abanikazi babengenantshisekelo yokuzincisha ngokungakhethi isisebenzi esivele singenele, bebefisa bobabili ukuthi bagunyaze igunya labo futhi banqande amandla aphelele abekade ejabulelwa kuze kube manje. abaphathi maqondana nokukhululwa kwezigqila zabo, ngokomthetho nangokomthetho banqabela noma yikuphi ukubakhona kwezinyunyana zezinhlanga, futhi mhlawumbe ngaphezu kwakho konke, ukulawula ukukhululwa kwabantu abanebala elimhlophe, imethis, izinhlanga ezizalanayo ”uRobert Bousquet - Izigqila namakhosi abo eBourbon (Reunion Island) ngesikhathi se-East India Company - 1665-1767- Ibhuku le-2, isahluko se-4
12. JMG Le Clezio, eLe Nouvel Observateur, mayelana ne-A rock on the Hudson, nguHenry Roth.
13. U-Manu Dibango, ku- Négriers, No. 7, Polysonik, Umhleli; Umphefumulo Makossa / Virgin
14. I-Georges Hyvernaud, Isikhumba nama-Bones, i-1949, i-Pocket, i-p.73
15. ULouis Sala-Molins - I-Black Code noma iKalvari yaseKhanani - I-PUF- Iqoqo le-Quadrige, I-Great Texts- (1987) i-2006
16. Phawula okuvela kumsebenzisi we-Inthanethi ngokuqondene nalabo bakaLéonora Miano (Umbhali womklomelo “we-season of shadow” uFemina 2013) kusethi “Tonight or never” (Ngabe ukucwasana sekuyinsakavukela?)
17. Gaston Bachelard, Intuition yesikhashana, I-Pocket Book, i-Biblio-essays, i-p.15
18. U-Ernest Pépin, Ngemuva kwezinto,Umhleli; Inyoka enezimpaphe, ngo-2006
19. UJean-Jacques Rousseau Amaphupho ohamba ngesizungu, ku-ed. I-Pocket Book, i-coll. Ama-Classics, (1782) 2001, iphe. 164
20. UNicolas Offenstad-ibid.
UNicolas Offenstad ungumhlanganyeli nodokotela emlandweni, uthweswe iziqu e-Institut d'Études Politiques de Paris, owayehlala eT Thiers Foundation, umfundisi emlandweni e-University of Paris-Panthéon-Sorbonne, umbhali wezindaba. Ungumhleli-ndawonye wephephabhuku Genesise. Isayensi Yezenhlalakahle Nomlando,ibambisana njalo Book World, ukuze Udaba, futhi uyilungu leKomiti Eqaphile emelene nokusetshenziswa komlando komphakathi.
