En 1980, uRené Dumont wabhala ukuthi "ukuvikelwa kwemvelo kuzodinga umkhankaso omkhulu wemfundo jikelele, njengenhlanzeko noma ukungondleki". Lesi sililo sokukhala esivela kumuntu ongavumi ukutshelwa, uchwepheshe e-Afrika, isazi semvelo kusukela ekuqaleni, ngabe siyalandelwa?
Izinhlangano zamazwe omhlaba ezinendima yazo ukubheka izinkinga zeplanethi kwesinye isikhathi ziye zivuke sekwephuzile ekuvikeleni imvelo yase-Afrika futhi isikhathi eside, eminyangweni ebhekele izinhlelo zokubambisana, siye sabonisana kakhulu ngokutshalwa kwezimali. esindayo ne-GNP. Imfundo yesakhamuzi somhlaba, ebhekele imvelo yakhe yayingeyona into ebaluleke kakhulu. Namuhla, sibhekene nokuphuthuma kwesimo, ukungabaza akusafanele.