Cukufuna nokuthola ukuhlangana kwayo kwangaphakathi, ukuhlala uxhumekile kwabanye nasemkhathini, yilokhu abantu baseMaasai abasimema ukuba sikwenze. Isazi semvelaphi yabantu u-Xavier Péron usethula ngale ndlela yokuphila encwadini yakhe yakamuva, futhi nencwajana yokuzithuthukisa yomuntu siqu. Kubo, sazi kuphela ukubukeka kwabo okude okunembobo ezikhukhumezayo ebomvu. AmaMaasai, abantu abelusi kanye namaqhawe, okungeziwe kwe-photogenic ku-Out of Africa noma amadokhumentari eKenya. Lokho ebesingakwazi, kuze kube umsebenzi wesazi semvelo u-Xavier Péron, ukuthi badluliselwa ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane ingcebo ecebile, ehlala nsuku zonke, yezinga lomhlaba jikelele futhi ekhulelwa umuntu njengombambisene indawo yonke. KumaMaasai, ngokuqondene nengokomoya lama-Amerindi noma ubuTao, umuntu ungaphezu kwakho konke umuntu oxhunyiwe. Kwabanye, endaweni yakhe nakubutho lwezobunhloli oludlula yena nabazibiza ngokuthi yi-Enk'Ai, "unkulunkulukazi ongumama, umthombo wokuphila konke," kuchaza u-Xavier Péron. Kuthatha izici ezahlukahlukene, kwande ukubonakaliswa kwayo, futhi wonke umuntu usekuhlanganyeleni nasekuhlanganeni ngakunye nayo, ngemikhuleko, ngemidanso, ngemicabango nangezenzo. U-Enk'Aï uthumela isibonelo imvula enakekela izilwane namadoda, kodwa futhi izivivinyo ezibavumela ukuba bakhule ngokomoya. Isazi semvelaphi yabantu sahlala phakathi kwabo iminyaka, saqalwa emasikweni abo, futhi iminyaka engamashumi amathathu senze ubuhlobo obungokomoya obukhulu noKenny, umngani wakhe kanye nomqondisi wamaMaasai. Uyaphawula: “Kubo, ayikho ifilosofi noma imfundiso yenkolo; baphila ngokoqobo njengomunye wayo, kuyilapho bazi ukuthi yini okufanele bayilethe njengabantu ngabanye kanye namalungu omphakathi ukuze balondoloze ukulingana nokuzwana ochungechungeni olukhulu lwempilo ”. Ngokusho kwakhe, ingokomoya labo lingabonakala kulezi zindlela zamandla: ukunqoba ukwesaba kwabo, ukuhlala bexhumekile, hhayi ukudala uqhekeko kuwe nokuzizungeza, ukusizakala ngezilingo, ukubhekana nalokho okuyikho. “Yilokhu engilwela ukukwenza nsuku zonke nokushintshe impilo yami, yingakho ngizizwa njengomgqugquzeli wabo eNtshonalanga. Kwabesilisa abahlukanisiwe, abahlakazekile, nabacasukile esesibe yikho, kubonakala kubalulekile kimi ukusabalalisa umyalezo wabo wokubiza ubunye bangaphakathi, ekuvulekeni kokwazi, ukuvutshelwa okubili okubalulekile kokuhlala ngokuthula nangokwengeziwe futhi kube nobuntu obuningi ”. Yileli lizwi ebesifuna ukuzwakala. Hhayi ukulinganisa isiko noma indlela yokuphila, kepha kunalokho ukusondla nokusikhuthaza. Ngokuthola izinsika ezinhlanu zokomoya waseMaasai.
I-ILMAO: Ukwamukela ubunye
Igama elithi "Maasai" livela egameni ilmao ("amawele"), eliveza inkolelo yokuthi zonke izinto zixhunywe nezinye ukwakha izigaba ezihambisanayo. Njengaku-tao ngesibalo sayo se-Yin ne-Yang, kukhona okuphikisanayo, kepha abaphikisi. Okubili kubusa ngaphandle, njengemini nobusuku, imvula nesomiso; futhi ngaphakathi kuwe, lapho kushayisana khona imizwa yokuzidela nobugovu, ukwesaba nesibindi… Ukwenqaba kuyindlela yamaMaasai, indlela engcono yokuhlupheka nokuxabana nabanye. Ngakho-ke ukwamukelwa okudingekayo kobumbili bomhlaba nezidalwa. Isimo esikhuthaza ukubekezela nomusa. = Zijwayeze: Thola amawele akho angaphakathi. Bhala uhlu lwezimfanelo zakho bese uhlobanisa ngayinye enephutha nokuziphatha okungenzeka kukuholele ekuhlulekeni noma ezingxabanweni. Isibonelo: “ukuphana” kungahambisana “nokungahambelani”, ukuphana futhi kungaba ukulindela ukuphindisela futhi kube ngumthombo wokungezwani lapho kuhlala kungakodwa. Umgomo ukuthatha ukubheka okungahambi kahle nokuzitika kuwe nakwabanye. Qondanisa amagama nezenzo zakho ukugwema ukungaboni ngaso linye kanye nabaphikisi, imithombo yokungalingani komuntu siqu nobudlelwano. Izenzo namagama kumele kube ngamawele. Akukho mehluko phakathi kokukusho nokukwenza phakathi kwamaMaasai, awazi ngokuhlangenwe nakho ukuthi lokhu kungaguquguquki kuyisiqinisekiso sobudlelwano obunempilo nobuhlala njalo.
ENCIPAI: Ukuze ube injabulo
KumaMaasai, injabulo akuyona inhloso kepha iyisiqalo. Ungukubonakaliswa kwesibopho esiphilayo esibahlanganisa nonkulunkulukazi ongumama, umthombo wakho konke ukuphila. Ukubonga kuzala injabulo, nakho okuqinisa umuzwa wokubonga. Ukubonga ngokuphila, ukukwazi ukuzondla, ukukwazi ukwabelana ngezilingo nenjabulo ... Ukwabelana nokujabula ndawonye, kugqamisa okuhamba kahle, kubonisa amahlaya yonke imikhuba egcina injabulo nsuku zonke ukuze iphile. Ukuba senjabulweni futhi kuyindlela yokuhlonipheka esikweleta abanye, kudala induduzo yobudlelwano lapho wonke umuntu ezuza khona. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaMaasai anomkhuba wokumemezela izindaba ezimbi ngokuthi "anamathele" phakathi kwezinhle. Lokhu kuqanjwa kulinganisa izinhliziyo zalabo abakutholayo futhi kwehlise umthwalo kulabo abakwedlulisayo. Umkhuba: Hlakulela ukubonga nsuku zonke, uqale ngokubona izipho, noma ngabe uzithola zincane kangakanani. Umnyango esikuphathele wona, ukumamatheka esikuthumela kona, ukudla owabelana ngakho… Nikeza ithuba lakho, ngonembeza, isikhathi, izincomo, izeluleko, zonke lezozinto ezincane ezithambisa futhi zihlobise izinsuku zalabo abaseduze kwakho. Positivez "ngokufaka" umcabango ongemuhle noma iqiniso phakathi kwemicabango emibili noma amaqiniso amahle, njengoba kwenza amaMaasai. Xhuma kabusha emandleni emvelo. Yilokhu okusenza sizizwe njengezixhumanisi kuxhaxha olukhulu lokuphila. Akukho okufana nokuncika esihlahleni futhi ulahlekelwe ukubuka kwakho emaqabungeni kuze kube yilapho uzizwa unaso ukuthola ukuthula namandla angaphakathi. Izakhi ezimbili ezisemqoka zenjabulo yokuba.
OSINA KISHON: Ukwamukela "isipho sokuhlupheka"
Ngaphandle kokuhlupheka, akukho ukuvuka. Kuyinkolelo ejulile yamaMaasai, abona, ezivivinyweni ezithunyelwe u-Enk'Aï, ithuba lokukhula. Esinye sezaga zabo ezingcwele siyakufakazela lokhu: “Inyama engeyona ebuhlungu ayizwa lutho. Ngalo mbono, babonga unkulunkulukazi ongumama ngokubeka ithuba lokulingwa endleleni yabo. Isiko labo elihlanganayo lapho-ke liqukethe "ukubopha inhliziyo yomuntu" ngokwenza amafindo ayisishiyagalombili (amele ubunzima) entanjeni (inhliziyo), abazoyithukulula (uphawu lokuxazululwa), ngaleyo ndlela bakhombise ukuthi, futhi, konke kuhlangene futhi lokho umuntu angavele aqaqe inkinga ngokuyiqonda njengeyakhe bese ebhekana nobunzima bokuyixazulula. Umkhuba: Qhubeka njengamaMaasai, abona imizwa yabo ngeso lengqondo (ukwesaba, ukudabuka, intukuthelo, ukudangala, isifiso sokuziphindiselela ...) ngemuva kwesiko elihlanganyelwe lentambo, bese ubayisa enhliziyweni ukuze ubashise futhi ubenze baphile amandla, njengo-alchemist, e-athanor yakhe, oguqula ukuhola kube yigolide. Bese ubuza ubunzima bakho njengamaMaasai akhuluma nobunzima njengomngani. Ufuna ukungitshela ini? Uyini umthwalo wami wemfanelo? Kufanele ngilinde noma ngenze okuthile? Yikuphi ukuqondisa okufanele ngikuthathe? Bhala phansi noma yiziphi izimpendulo eziza kuwe ngokuzenzekelayo ngaphandle kokuzivikela noma ukuzihlulela.
I-EUNOTO: Ukuba umlimi
Ngokuma komakhi, amaMaasai akhetha okutshala. Ngenkathi owokuqala egxila kuphela ekufezekisweni kwento azibekele yona, ukwakhiwa, okwesibili kutshala isihlahla sakhe, kuyamphilisa, kepha kwamukele ukukwenza nalokho akuphunyukayo (izinga lokukhula, i-vagaries yesimo sezulu ...). Ngokuqinisekile, ukuba ngumtshali kusho ukuhambisana nesikhathi samanje, ukuguqula nokugcina isimo sokuqapha nokuzethemba, intando nokuthobeka. Lokhu kuguquguquka kuyisimo sokuthula, ukubekezela futhi kuvikela ekuthukutheleni nasekudumaleni. Umkhuba: Zilimaze, njengomuthi, okwamanje. AmaMaasai athi “okwedlule yizwe engingasahlali kulo. Uzizwa kanjani lapha manje? Ungabhekana kanjani kangcono nalesi simo nabantu abakhona? Yini oyiphethe ebingadingekile futhi isindayo kusuka esikhathini esedlule? Yikuphi ukuqagela okukhathazayo okukuvimbela ekunambitha ukunambitheka kwalesi sikhathi? Tshala isihlahla, unakekele isitshalo. Lokhu kuzokushukumisela ukuthi ubeke eceleni eceleni u- "Nginguye" okwesikhashana futhi kukusize ubhekane nalokho okuyikho.
I-AINGORU ENKITOO: Cinga i-oda elungile
Ukulunga - ngamazwi akhe, izenzo zakhe -, kumaMaasai, lokhu kusho ukuxhunyaniswa ne-Enk'Ai. Isimo esiveza ukuthi "sinezwi elicacile nendlela yokuqapha". Ukucaca kokubuka okukhombisa ukuthi ukuhlangana kwangaphakathi kubonakala ngaphandle, kanye nesilinganiso sokuxwayisa esifakazela umuzwa wokukhanya nokuphepha ngenxa yokuqiniseka kokuhamba endleleni eyiyo. Izinkinga, izingxabano, ukukhathazeka, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuyizimpawu zokuthi umuntu useshintshe ukugxila nokuthi usephambukile "emsebenzini" wakhe. Ngoba, ukuze amaMaasai, afune ukuhleleka okuhle, futhi ukufuna lokho umuntu azele ukukwenza emhlabeni. Zijwayeze: Lalela imiyalezo yomzimba wakho uma usukhethe, uthathe isinqumo. Uma beqinisile, ngaphansi kwemizwa ekha phezulu (ukwethuka, injabulo), kufanele uzizwe uzolile, umuzwa wokuthula kwangaphakathi, okungahunyushwa ngamagama athi "akulula kepha kumane nje" . Ngakolunye uhlangothi, zibuze ukuthi ngabe uhlangabezana nokuqina, ukungaphatheki kahle, ukukhathazeka ngokwengqondo nangokomzimba, nokuthi ngabe le mizwa ihlala noma iyazibonakalisa njalo lapho ucabanga ngokukhetha noma isinqumo sakho.
NgoFlavia Mazelin Salvi
Kusuka kumagazini we-magazine psychologie ka-February 2014
