Lumphakathi black ukusukaesclavage imele isisindo esibalulekile enkampanini yabazali ye Río de la Plata, phakathi kwe-19e ekhulwini kuze kube sekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20 leminyaka. Ukuphela kwe UJuan Manuel de Rosas ngo-1852, umbuso owawuvuna yena, waphawula ukuqala kokuncipha kancane kwalaba bantu abamnyama eRio de la Plata, kwaze kwaba yilapho ushabalala ngokuphelele ezweni.Argentina ekuqaleni kwe-20 ikhulu leminyaka. (Lokhu kunyamalala kubuza izazi-mlando: Izimpi ezimpi zazo zizokwakhiwa yizigqila black futhi ezimbalwa zazo zizobuya, izifo eziwumshayabhuqe, ukulahlwa kwabantu abamnyama emphakathini, ukungalungi, njll.) Umculo kanye nemidanso yalo mphakathi omnyama kuzoba enye yezinsika eziyisisekelo zofuzo lwetango.
Okokuqala, igama ngokwalo, tango, osekuyisikhathi eside kusakazwa kulo lonke elase-Atlantic America, kusuka IGulf of Mexico au Río de la Plata, kungenzeka kube ngemvelaphi yabansundu (igama elithi tambo ukuqoka indawo noma indawo yokuhlangana eyayikhona ngolimi lwesiQuechua). Leli gama lizokwazi izincazelo ezahlukahlukene, zonke ezimakwe ngophawu lobugqila, abamnyama kanyeAfrica :
- Ngolimi Congo, kungasho "indawo evaliwe", indawo lapho kufanele kuqalwe khona ukungena nalapho kwenziwa khona amasiko nezigubhu. Ngokusebenzisa autonomasia, leli gama lalizobe likhethe amadubhu ngokwayo, khona-ke umculo owenziwe yizigubhu2.
- Le ncekukazi yayisimemeza tango indawo lapho apake khona izigqila ngaphambi kokugibela. Kamuva eMelika sabiza tango indawo lapho zathengiswa khona. Kusuke kuvela izincazelo ezahlukahlukene, ezinjengalezi: indawo evaliwe lapho kugcinwe khona izigubhu, ekugcineni: Ama-tangos : imidanso kanye nezigubhu zabamnyama.
- Ku-1788, igunya le Buenos Aires ikubheka njengokuyihlazo "ukuthi inqwaba yabantu abamnyama abakhululekile nezigqila abahlala kuleli dolobha bavunyelwe iminyaka eminingana kuze kube namuhla ukuba bahlangane benze tambos futhi idansa ngaphandle kwedolobha, iphula imithetho yaphezulu neyabantu” (Novati).
- À Montevideo ngo-1806, umasipala wathukuthela “Tambos bailes de Negros”, “Los Negros con el tango”, futhi ngo-1816, ngezikhathi eziningana: "Se banan dentro de la ciudad los bayles conocidos por el Nombre de tangos2. "
Kodwa ngaphambi kokuphela Ekhulwini lama-19, i-tango okwamanje ayibhekiseli kwifomu lomculo noma lomdanso elichaziwe, kepha kumculo nemidanso ehlukahlukene kakhulu, enziwe kancane, enziwa ngabantu abamnyama. (http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tango_(danse)#Les_origines_noires_du_tango)
Ukulandela umsebenzi obukhali othathe iminyaka eminingana, abacwaningi be-UNLP bathole umsuka wethango, ngokusho kwabokwahlanganiswa nokuba khona kwezinzalo zabase-Afrika abagqilazwe edolobheni laseBuenos Aires".
Ucwaningo lwenziwe uSihlalo Wamahhala Wezifundo Zase-Afro-Argentina kanye Nezase-Afro-American eqondiswe ngumfundi oneziqu ze-Anthropology uNorberto Pablo Cirio. Imiphumela izokwethulwa embukisweni othi “Retumba Tango. (Ukutholwa kabusha kwendabuko emnyama yomculo wethu”, ezoba sendlunkulu ye-Museum of Musical Instruments u-Emilio Azzarini, we-UNLP.
UCirio uchaza ukuthi "e-Argentina, akukaze kube khona ukugcizelelwa okukhulu ekuboneni imvelaphi noma ithonya lase-Afrika leTango; kunalokho, besihlala sizama ukwenza leli qiniso lingabonakali noma lifihlwe". Uyaqhubeka: "Ngokuziqhenya kwethu kwaseYurophu okumhlophe, lokhu kubonisa itshe esicathulweni, ibala esizalwa nalo esiye sazama, uma kungenjalo ukuliqeda, okungenani ukufihla ngaphansi kombhoxo. I-Argentina ayihlukile kwamanye amazwe aseMelika ngenxa yokuthi ayinabo abantu abansundu, kodwa ngenxa yokuthi ayikaqapheli ukuthi iyingxenye ebalulekile nephilayo yokuhlelwa kwenhlalo-mlando yethu kanye nobunikazi bethu.".
Kodwa-ke, sithole futhi, ngenxa yocwaningo, lo mvelaphi omnyama womculo wethu futhi usiqokomisa ngokuthi "isimangalo semlando ”Okomphakathi okuze kube yimanje kuyaqhubeka ukulwela ukwamukelwa kwawo.
Ucwaningo lukaCirio lususelwa emibhalweni yasendulo kanye nama-akhawunti amasiko adluliselwa ngomlomo, amaphuzu, izithombe kanye nezingxoxo ikakhulukazi nezizukulwane zezigqila ezimnyama uqobo, ezazivela e-Afrika.
"Kukhona imibhalo enkulu kakhulu yokuthi i-akhawunti yesikhombisa esimnyama "kusho umcwaningi. Njengoba isibonelo, ethi amazwi tango "El Entrerriano" ephawula ekuqaleni okuthiwa Guardia Vieja (Old Guard), wabhalwa 1897 Rosendo Mendizabal, umqambi ozalweni afroargentin yezigqila abamnyama. Futhi uyaqhubeka: "yize iningi labantu lingazi, umdlali wopiyano odumile, umqambi nomqhubi, uHoracio Salgán, unemvelaphi yezigqila; ngokufanayo noGuillermo Barbieri (umkhulu womlingisi uCarmen Barbieri), owayengumqambi futhi owayengumshayi wesigingci uCarlos Gardel".
Mayelana nezigqi ezazala i-Tango, u-Cirio uveza abadlali baseceleni be-Afroporteño bekhulu le-19 kanye nama-candombe, abakha enye yezinto ezibalulekile zohlobo, okuhlanganisa izinsimbi zaseYurophu nokudansa kwe-ballroom.
Kuhunyushwe kusuka eSpanish nguGuy Everard Mbarga (http://guyzoducamer.afrikblog.com)