Bafundi abahle, namuhla sibheka ubunkimbinkimbi bomnotho wase-Afrika, isihloko esivame ukuvusa imibuzo nokukhathazeka. I-Afrika, izwekazi elicebile ngemithombo yemvelo namandla omnotho, nayo ibhekene nezinselelo ezinkulu ekukhuleni nasekuthuthukeni kwayo. Enye yalezi zimo ezivamise ukunganakwa noma ibukelwa phansi umnotho ongekho emthethweni, odlala indima ebalulekile ekuguquguqukeni komnotho wezwekazi. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola ukuthi umnotho ongakahleleki unomthelela kanjani emnothweni wase-Afrika, sigqamisa amathuba nezinselelo obhekene nazo. Hlanganyela nathi kulolu hambo ukuze uqonde ukuthi le misebenzi engahlelekile ingaba kanjani umfutho ekuthuthukisweni komnotho wase-Afrika.
Abathengisi abahamba phambili bokuqonda umnotho wase-Afrika
Uyini umnotho ongekho emthethweni?
Umnotho ongakahleleki umqondo osho iqoqo lemisebenzi yezomnotho eyenzeka ngaphandle kohlaka olusemthethweni nolokulawula olusungulwe nguHulumeni. Ngakho-ke le misebenzi ayibhalisiwe, ayikho ngaphansi kwezintela noma imithetho ethile, futhi ayizuzi ekuvikelweni komphakathi okufanayo njengemisebenzi esemthethweni.
Ukubonakaliswa komnotho ongakahleleki e-Afrika
Umnotho ongakahleleki usabalele ikakhulukazi e-Afrika, lapho udlala indima ebalulekile kwezomnotho wakuleli. Nazi ezinye izibonelo zokubonakaliswa komnotho ongakahleleki ezwenikazi:
- Izimakethe ezingakahleleki : Izimakethe ezingekho emthethweni izindawo zokuthengisa lapho abadayisi bethengisa khona imikhiqizo yabo ngaphandle kokubhaliswa okusemthethweni. Lezi zimakethe zivame ukuphithizela futhi zinikeza indlela ebalulekile yokuziphilisa kubantu abaningi.
- Umsebenzi wasekhaya : Abantu abaningi e-Afrika basebenza emkhakheni wasekhaya ngokusemthethweni, ngaphandle kwenkontileka yokuqashwa noma ukuvikelwa okusemthethweni. Lezi zisebenzi zivame ukuba sengozini futhi zingaxhashazwa.
- Abathengisi basemgwaqweni : Abathengisi basemgwaqweni bangesinye isibonelo esivamile semisebenzi yezomnotho engekho emthethweni e-Afrika. Laba bathengisi bathengisa imikhiqizo yabo emigwaqweni, ngokuvamile ngaphandle kokugunyazwa ngokomthetho.
Izici zomnotho ongakahleleki
Umnotho ongakahleleki unezici ezimbalwa ezihlukile:
- Ukungabi bikho kwezinqubo zomthetho : Imisebenzi engekho emthethweni ayibhalisiwe neziphathimandla ezifanele ngakho-ke ayikho ngaphansi kwezibopho zomthetho ezifanayo nemisebenzi esemthethweni.
- Ukuqala kwemisebenzi engalawulwa : Emnothweni ongakahleleki, imikhakha eminingi yemisebenzi ayilawulwa. Lokhu kusho ukuthi akukho ukulawula kombuso phezu kwezinqubo zebhizinisi noma amazinga okuphepha, isibonelo.
- Ukuvikelwa komphakathi okuphansi : Abantu abasebenza emnothweni ongakahleleki bavame ukufinyelela okulinganiselwe ekuvikelweni komphakathi, okufana nomshwalense wezempilo, ikhefu elikhokhelwayo noma umhlalaphansi. Lokhu kubabeka engcupheni enkulu yobumpofu nokungavikeleki kwezomnotho.
Izinzuzo kanye nezinselelo zomnotho ongakahleleki
Umnotho ongakahleleki uveza izinzuzo kanye nezinselelo. Nanka amaphuzu abalulekile okufanele uwacabangele:
Izinzuzo zomnotho ongakahleleki
- Ukuzivumelanisa nezimo : Umnotho ongakahleleki uvame ukunikeza ukuguquguquka okukhulu ngokuya ngamahora okusebenza nezimo zokusebenza, okungahle kukhange kwabanye abasebenzi.
- Ukwakhiwa kwemisebenzi : Umnotho ongakahleleki ungaba umgqugquzeli obalulekile wokudala amathuba emisebenzi, ikakhulukazi emazweni lapho umkhakha osemthethweni unomkhawulo.
Izinselelo zomnotho ongakahleleki
- Ukuntuleka kokuvikelwa komphakathi : Abasebenzi abangekho emthethweni bavamise ukukhishwa ezinhlelweni zokuvikela umphakathi, okubabeka engcupheni ephezulu yobumpofu kanye nokuba sengozini.
- Ukugwema ukukhokha intela : Umnotho ongakahleleki ungaholela ekulahlekelweni yimali engenayo yombuso ngenxa yokugwema ukukhokha intela kanye nokuntuleka kweminikelo yentela.
- Ukuntuleka kokulawula : Ukuntuleka kwemithetho emnothweni ongakahleleki kungaholela ezenzweni zebhizinisi ezihlukumezayo, izimo zokusebenza ezingaphephile kanye nokuncintisana okungafanele.
Sengiphetha, umnotho ongakahleleki uyinto esabalele e-Afrika futhi uletha izinzuzo kanye nezinselelo. Ukuqonda izici nokubonakaliswa kwalo mnotho kubalulekile ekuthuthukiseni izinqubomgomo nezinyathelo ezikhuthaza ukufakwa kwezomnotho nokuvikelwa kwabasebenzi.
Ukubaluleka komnotho ongekho emthethweni e-Afrika
Umnotho ongakahleleki udlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukisweni komnotho wamazwe amaningi ase-Afrika. Kulesi sihloko, sizobheka kabanzi izindlela ezahlukene lolu hlobo lomnotho olunomthelela ngayo e-Afrika.
Ukwakhiwa kwemisebenzi
Enye yezinzuzo ezisobala kakhulu zomnotho ongakahleleki e-Afrika amandla awo okudala amathuba emisebenzi. Ngempela, abantu abaningi base-Afrika abakwazi ukuthola umsebenzi emkhakheni osemthethweni, kodwa basengathola amathuba emkhakheni ongakahleleki. Nawa amaphuzu abalulekile okufanele uwakhumbule:
- Amabhizinisi amancane angekho emthethweni, afana nezitolo zasemgwaqweni, abadayisi basemgwaqweni kanye nezimakethe ezingekho emthethweni, aqasha inqwaba yabantu e-Afrika.
- Imisebenzi engahlelekile ivamise ukunikeza ukuguquguquka kweshejuli, okuvumela abasebenzi ukuthi bahlanganise imisebenzi eyahlukene ukuze bakhulise imali yabo.
- Amathuba emisebenzi angahlelekile nawo angadaleka ngaphandle kwesidingo sokuqeqeshwa okukhethekile noma iziqu, okuvumela abantu abaningi ukuba babambe iqhaza emnothweni.
Ukukhiqiza imali engenayo
Ukwengeza ekudaleni amathuba emisebenzi, umnotho ongakahleleki e-Afrika nawo ungenisa imali emindenini eminingi. Nawa amaphuzu abalulekile okufanele uwakhumbule:
- Imisebenzi engahlelekile ivumela osomabhizinisi nabasebenzi ukuthi bathole iholo njalo futhi bondle imindeni yabo.
- Iholo elitholwa umnotho ongekho emthethweni lingabalulekile kubantu abasengozini kakhulu, ikakhulukazi abesifazane kanye nentsha.
- Imali engenayo emnothweni ongakahleleki nayo ingasiza ekwehliseni ubumpofu nokungalingani ngokuhlinzeka ngamathuba ezomnotho kulabo abangabandakanywanga emkhakheni osemthethweni.
Umnikelo ku-GDP
Okokugcina, kubalulekile ukugqamisa igalelo lomnotho ongekho emthethweni ku-GDP (GDP) yamazwe amaningi ase-Afrika. Nanka amaphuzu abalulekile okufanele uwakhumbule:
- Ngokwezinye izilinganiso, umkhakha ongakahleleki umele amaphesenti abalulekile e-GDP yamazwe amaningana ase-Afrika, ngezinye izikhathi aze adlule ngisho nomkhakha osemthethweni.
- Umnotho ongakahleleki unomthelela ekwakhiweni kwengcebo nasekukhuleni komnotho, nakuba uvame ukubukelwa phansi ezibalweni ezisemthethweni.
- Amanye amazwe ase-Afrika aseqalile ukukubona ukubaluleka komnotho ongekho emthethweni futhi abeka imigomo yokuwusekela, okungaholela ekuhlanganisweni okungcono kwalo mkhakha emnothweni osemthethweni.
Izinselelo namathuba
Nakuba umnotho ongekho emthethweni uletha izinzuzo eziningi e-Afrika, nawo ubhekene nezinselelo. Nazi ezinye zezinselelo ezinkulu namathuba ahambisana nalolu hlobo lomnotho:
nezinselelo
- Ukuntuleka kokuvikelwa komphakathi kwabasebenzi abangekho emthethweni, njengokungafinyeleli kumshwalense wezempilo noma izinhlelo zempesheni.
- Ukuntuleka kokulawula nokulawula, okungaholela ezinkingeni ezinjengokuncintisana okungafanele noma ukuxhashazwa kwabasebenzi.
- Ubunzima bokuthola izinsiza zezezimali ezisemthethweni, ezinciphisa amathuba otshalomali kanye nokukhula kwamabhizinisi angahlelekile.
Amathuba
- Amathuba okwenziwa ngokusemthethweni kancane kancane komnotho ongekho emthethweni ngenxa yezinqubomgomo ezifanele, ezingavumela abantu ukuthi bahlomule ekuvikelweni komphakathi kanye nokufinyelela okungcono ezinsizeni zezezimali.
- Ukwakhiwa kwamakhono kosomabhizinisi nabasebenzi abangekho emthethweni ukuze bathuthukise amakhono abo namathuba omsebenzi.
- Ukukhuthaza ukubambisana phakathi kwemikhakha engakahleleki nesemthethweni, ngaleyo ndlela kwakhiwe ubudlelwano obuzuzisa ngokufanayo.
Sengiphetha, umnotho ongekho emthethweni udlala indima ebalulekile emnothweni wase-Afrika ngokudala amathuba emisebenzi, ukungenisa imali kanye nokufaka isandla ku-GDP. Nakuba ibhekene nezinselelo, lolu hlobo lomnotho luphinde lunikeze amathuba amaningi okuthuthukisa umnotho kanye nokunciphisa ububha. Ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuqaphela nokweseka umnotho ongekho emthethweni e-Afrika.
Imiphumela yomnotho ongakahleleki emnothweni osemthethweni
Umnotho ongakahleleki, owaziwa nangokuthi umnotho ongaphansi noma oyimfihlo, ubhekise kuyo yonke imisebenzi yezomnotho engalawulwayo nengamenyezelwa. Imele ingxenye ebalulekile yomnotho emazweni amaningi, futhi imiphumela yawo emnothweni osemthethweni ingaba mihle futhi ibe mibi. Kulesi sigaba, sizohlola le miphumela futhi sixoxe ngemiphumela yomnotho ongakahleleki emnothweni osemthethweni.
Ukuhlanekezelwa kwezimakethe
Omunye wemiphumela esemqoka yomnotho ongakahleleki emnothweni osemthethweni wukwakhiwa kokuhlanekezelwa kwezimakethe. Nazi ezinye izibonelo zalokhu kuhlanekezela:
- Ukwehla kwentengo : Amabhizinisi angahlelekile angase anikeze imikhiqizo noma amasevisi ngamanani aphansi kunalawo akhokhiswa amabhizinisi asemthethweni. Lokhu kungase kube ngenxa yezindleko eziphansi zokukhiqiza, njengokungabi bikho kwemithwalo yentela, imithetho eqinile noma amazinga aphezulu.
- Ukugwema ukukhokha intela : Imisebenzi engahlelekile ivamise ukubalekela intela. Lokhu kusho ukuthi amabhizinisi angekho emthethweni awafaki isandla ekuxhaseni ngezimali ingqalasizinda yomphakathi, izinsiza zezenhlalakahle kanye nohulumeni jikelele. Ngenxa yalokho, amabhizinisi asemthethweni ngokuvamile angaphansi komthwalo wentela ophezulu ukuze anxephezele lokhu kulahlekelwa kwemali engenayo.
- Ukulahlwa komphakathi : Amabhizinisi angahlelekile avame ukusebenzisa izinqubo zokusebenza ezingekho emthethweni, njengokungalandeli izindinganiso zokuphepha, ukuntuleka kokuvikelwa komphakathi kwabasebenzi, njll. Lokhu kubavumela ukuthi behlise izindleko zabo futhi bancintisane ngokungafanele nezinkampani ezisemthethweni ezihlonipha le mithetho.
Ukuncintisana okungalungile
Umnotho ongakahleleki udala futhi ukuncintisana okungafanele kumabhizinisi asemthethweni. Nazi ezinye izibonelo zalo mncintiswano ongenabulungiswa:
- Ukuntuleka kwemithethonqubo : Amabhizinisi angahlelekile akudingekile ukuthi athobele imithethonqubo, amazinga kanye nemithetho amabhizinisi asemthethweni angaphansi kwayo. Lokhu kubanikeza inzuzo engenakuphikwa yokuncintisana, njengoba bengagwema izithiyo zokuthobela ezibizayo.
- Ukugwenywa kweminikelo yokuvikela umphakathi : Amabhizinisi angakahleleki ngokuvamile awafaki isandla emalini enikelwa ngokuvikeleka komphakathi, okubavumela ukuba behlise izindleko zabo zokusebenza. Lokhu kudala ukuncintisana okungafanele kumabhizinisi asemthethweni, okumele athwale lezi zindleko ezengeziwe.
- Yehla kwikhwalithi yemikhiqizo namasevisi : Amabhizinisi angahlelekile angase angakhathazeki kakhulu ngekhwalithi yemikhiqizo namasevisi awo ngenxa yokuthi awekho ngaphansi kokulawulwa kanye namazinga afana namabhizinisi asemthethweni. Lokhu kungalimaza isithunzi samabhizinisi asemthethweni kanye nokuthenjwa kwabathengi.
Ubunzima bamabhizinisi asemthethweni
Ngenxa yokuncintisana okungafanele kanye nokuhlanekezelwa kwezimakethe okudalwe umnotho ongakahleleki, amabhizinisi asemthethweni avame ukubhekana nobunzima bokuthobela imithetho kanye nokugcina ukuncintisana kwawo. Nabu obunye balobu bunzima:
- Izindleko ezengeziwe : Amabhizinisi asemthethweni abhekana nezindleko ezengeziwe ezihlobene nokuhambisana nemithethonqubo, njengezintela, iminikelo yokuvikeleka komphakathi, izindinganiso zekhwalithi, njll. Lokhu kungase kwenze imikhiqizo noma amasevisi abo abize kakhulu kunalawo amabhizinisi angahlelekile.
- I-bureaucracy eyeqile : Amabhizinisi asemthethweni ngokuvamile abhekana ne-bureaucracy eyeqile lapho efuna ukuthobela imithethonqubo. Lokhu kungaholela ekubambezelekeni, izindleko ezengeziwe kanye nokulahlekelwa umkhiqizo.
- Ukuntula ukuzethemba kwabathengi : Lapho bebhekene nokuncintisana okungafanele kanye nokwehla kwezinga lemikhiqizo namasevisi ahlinzekwa umnotho ongakahleleki, abathengi bangase bathambekele kancane ekwethembeni amabhizinisi asemthethweni. Lokhu kungalimaza isithunzi sabo kanye nekhono labo lokuheha amakhasimende amasha.
Sengiphetha, umnotho ongakahleleki unemiphumela ebonakalayo emnothweni osemthethweni. Nakuba ingase inikeze izinzuzo ezithile, njengezintengo eziphansi kubathengi, iphinde idale ukuhlanekezela kwezimakethe kanye nokuncintisana okungalungile kwamabhizinisi asemthethweni. Ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuthola izindlela zokunciphisa umnotho ongekho emthethweni futhi kuthuthukiswe umnotho ohlelekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe intuthuko yomnotho elinganayo futhi esimeme.
Izinzuzo nezinselelo zomnotho ongakahleleki e-Afrika
Sengiphetha, kusobala ukuthi umnotho ongekho emthethweni udlala indima ebalulekile emnothweni wase-Afrika. Naphezu kwezinselelo zayo nokulinganiselwa kwayo, inikeza amathuba omsebenzi namathuba emali kubantu abaningi base-Afrika. Ukuze kugqugquzelwe ukukhula komnotho okusimeme, kubalulekile ukuqaphela nokuhlanganisa umnotho ongekho emthethweni emigomeni yentuthuko namasu. Lokhu kudinga ukusebenzisana phakathi kohulumeni, izikhungo zezezimali kanye nabasebenzi abangekho emthethweni ukuze kube lula ukufinyelela ezinsizeni zezezimali futhi kwakhiwe amandla abasebenzi abangekho emthethweni. Ngokusungula indawo evumayo kanye nokuhlinzeka ngosekelo olwanele, umnotho ongakahleleki ungaba neqhaza elikhulu emnothweni wase-Afrika kanye nokunciphisa ububha.