LNeuroscience is the scientific study of the nervous system, both in terms of its structure and function. The field of neuroscience research is a transdisciplinary field. Biology, chemistry, mathematics, bioinformatics and neuropsychology are used in neuroscience. The conceptual and methodological arsenal of neuroscience goes hand in hand with a diversity of approaches in the study of the molecular, cellular, developmental, neuroanatomical, neurophysiological, cognitive, genetic, evolutionary, computational or neurological aspects of the nervous system. Neuroscience is often presented from the angle of cognitive neuroscience, especially work using brain imaging: some applications of cognitive neuroscience can be used in economics, finance, marketing, law and artificial intelligence.
The term neuroscience appears (in the English language) at the end of the 1960s to designate the branch of biological sciences which is interested in the study of the nervous system and more particularly from the electrophysiological point of view. Nevertheless, as a scientific discipline, neuroscience is in line with a much older scientific process which has received various labels depending on the times and the methods it has employed. Although the term dates from the 20th century, the anatomical study of the nervous system directly inherits the work of Renaissance anatomists such as André Vesalius. Before that, many doctors had been interested in the functioning of the nervous system and its connection with thought. If the name of the father of medicine Hippocrates remains associated with the discovery of the role of the brain in mental functions, the history of what today is known as neurology and psychiatry has its origins in the medical treatises of the 'Ancient Egypt and goes through the writings of Roman doctors (Galen), then Arab-Muslim (Averroes), to arrive at the work of Descartes. These will herald an era of scientific progress which will establish a bridge between psychology, anatomy and physiology, with very direct consequences on the philosophical reflection of enlightenment.
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Basics of Neuroscience: Functional Neuroanatomy
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Release Date | 2011-07-22T00:00:01Z |
Edition | 1 |
Language | Français |
Number Of Pages | 268 |
Publication Date | 2011-07-22T00:00:01Z |
Format | large format book |