Lcybernetics is a science of controlling systems. It was founded in 1948 by the American mathematician Norbert Wiener. Our world is made up entirely of systems, living or non-living, nested and interacting. Can thus be considered as systems: A society, an economy, a network of computers, a machine, a company, a cell, an organism, a brain, an individual, an ecosystem. A cybernetic system can be defined as a set of interacting elements, interactions between elements can consist of exchanges of matter, energy, or information. These exchanges constitute a communication, to which the elements react by changing state or by modifying their action. Communication, signal, information, and feedback are central concepts in cybernetics and all systems, living organisms, machines, or networks of machines.
When elements are organized in a system, the interactions between the elements give the set of properties that the elements taken separately do not have. We then say that “the whole is greater than the sum of the parts”. For example, an animal manifests properties (running, hunting, watching, attacking, etc.) that its organs taken separately do not manifest. And these organs themselves are systems that have properties that their elements, namely cells, etc., do not have. Likewise, a machine (eg a computer) has properties greater than those of the sum of its components.
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Cybernetics and society. The human use of beings
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Release Date | 2014-04-03T00:00:01Z |
Language | Français |
Number Of Pages | 224 |
Publication Date | 2014-04-03T00:00:01Z |